Table 3 Scores on breastfeeding knowledge and abilities by type of healthcare provider. Baseline vs. post-intervention
Primary physicians | Registered nurses | Nurse technicians | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Post | Difference | p-value | Baseline | Post | Difference | p-value | Baseline | Post | Difference | p-value | ||
I | General knowledge about breastfeeding | 67.32 | 88.43 | 21.10 | 0.00 | 61.62 | 85.76 | 24.15 | 0.00 | 63.43 | 81.84 | 18.41 | 0.00 |
1 | Time of breastfeeding based on WHO recommendations | 41.50 | 55.30 | 13.80 | 0.02 | 34.09 | 39.68 | 5.49 | 0.49 | 36.11 | 47.43 | 11.32 | 0.10 |
2 | Introduction of complementary feeding | 93.68 | 92.95 | −0.73 | 0.81 | 91.67 | 93.75 | 2.08 | 0.64 | 92.36 | 88.46 | −3.90 | 0.33 |
3 | Definition of exclusive breastfeeding | 87.75 | 92.94 | 5.19 | 0.13 | 82.58 | 97.92 | 15.34 | 0.00 | 84.03 | 87.18 | 3.15 | 0.53 |
4 | Perception about human milk substitutes | 91.30 | 97.65 | 6.34 | 0.00 | 79.55 | 95.83 | 16.29 | 0.00 | 84.03 | 87.18 | 3.15 | 0.53 |
5 | Enough milk production to breastfeed their children | 3.16 | 98.82 | 95.66 | 0.00 | 3.79 | 95.83 | 92.05 | 0.00 | 9.72 | 89.74 | 80.02 | 0.00 |
6 | Human milk extraction and storage | 86.56 | 92.94 | 6.38 | 0.07 | 78.03 | 91.67 | 13.64 | 0.01 | 74.30 | 91.02 | 16.72 | 0.00 |
II | Knowledge about breastfeeding benefits | 22.43 | 80.59 | 58.15 | 0.00 | 25.57 | 78.13 | 52.56 | 0.00 | 25.35 | 72.12 | 46.77 | 0.00 |
7 | Breastfeeding is related to less weight loss during the first months postpartum | 44.66 | 50.59 | 5.92 | 0.34 | 45.45 | 33.33 | −12.12 | 0.14 | 37.50 | 39.74 | 2.24 | 0.74 |
8 | Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk of diabetes, breast and ovaries cancer | 8.70 | 87.06 | 78.36 | 0.00 | 5.30 | 93.76 | 88.45 | 0.00 | 10.42 | 78.20 | 67.78 | 0.00 |
9 | Breastfeeding may increase the risk of diarrheal infections in the infant | 20.15 | 89.41 | 69.25 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 87.5 | 54.17 | 0.00 | 29.86 | 79.48 | 49.62 | 0.00 |
10 | Breast milk does not provide all the nutrients and liquids that a baby needs during the first 6 months of life, so other foods and liquids must be given | 16.20 | 95.29 | 79.09 | 0.00 | 18.18 | 97.92 | 79.73 | 0.00 | 23.61 | 91.02 | 67.41 | 0.00 |
III | Knowledge about clinical aspects of breastfeeding | 57.80 | 64.41 | 6.60 | 0.01 | 56.63 | 54.69 | −1.94 | 0.63 | 49.48 | 56.09 | 6.61 | 0.03 |
11 | Managing anemia | 97.23 | 92.94 | −4.29 | 0.15 | 93.94 | 77.08 | −16.86 | 0.01 | 90.27 | 85.89 | 4.38 | 0.32 |
12 | Medicines during lactation | 44.27 | 62.35 | 18.08 | 0.00 | 35.61 | 41.62 | 6.06 | 0.45 | 29.86 | 44.87 | 15.01 | 0.03 |
13 | Breastfeeding advice for diverse medical conditions | 63.64 | 58.82 | −4.81 | 0.42 | 59.09 | 68.75 | 9.66 | 0.24 | 55.55 | 56.41 | 0.85 | 0.90 |
14 | Malnourished mothers | 26.09 | 43.53 | 17.44 | 0.00 | 37.88 | 31.25 | −6.63 | 0.41 | 22.22 | 37.18 | 14.96 | 0.02 |
IV | Clinical ability to solve problems | 85.11 | 90.98 | 5.86 | 0.02 | 79.55 | 94.44 | 14.90 | 0.00 | 79.17 | 83.76 | 4.59 | 0.18 |
15 | Insufficient breast milk | 79.05 | 90.58 | 11.53 | 0.00 | 67.42 | 95.83 | 28.41 | 0.00 | 70.83 | 88.46 | 17.62 | 0.00 |
16 | Breastfeed and work | 92.89 | 95.29 | 2.40 | 0.39 | 93.18 | 95.83 | 2.65 | 0.51 | 90.27 | 87.17 | −3.09 | 0.50 |
17 | Feed the baby with other foods instead of breast milk before 3 months of age | 83.40 | 87.05 | 3.66 | 0.42 | 78.03 | 91.67 | 13.64 | 0.01 | 76.38 | 75.64 | −0.74 | 0.90 |
V | Ability to overcome breastfeeding challenges | 88.54 | 85.88 | −2.66 | 0.42 | 80.68 | 94.79 | 14.11 | 0.00 | 78.81 | 71.79 | −7.02 | 0.10 |
18 | Risk of introducing other foods before 6 months of age | 94.86 | 85.88 | −8.98 | 0.02 | 93.18 | 93.75 | 0.57 | 0.89 | 92.36 | 73.07 | −19.28 | 0.00 |
19 | Most common cause for a child not getting enough breast milk | 82.21 | 85.88 | 3.67 | 0.43 | 68.18 | 95.83 | 27.65 | 0.00 | 65.28 | 70.51 | 5.23 | 0.43 |