From: Prelacteal feeding practices in Pakistan: a mixed-methods study
 | Likelihood of prelacteal feeding | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | ORa | P - value | 95% CI | AOR | P - value | 95% CI |
Education of mother | ||||||
 No education | 1.53 | 0.013 | 1.09, 2.15 | 1.28 | 0.369 | 0.78, 1.91 |
 Primary | 2.65 | <  0.001 | 1.71, 4.09 | 2.28 | 0.002 | 1.35, 3.85 |
 Middle | 1.93 | 0.010 | 1.93, 1.17 | 1.88 | 0.041 | 1.02, 3.47 |
 Secondary | 1.69 | 0.021 | 1.08, 2.64 | 1.80 | 0.034 | 1.04, 3.09 |
 Higher | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Wealth index | ||||||
 Poorest | 0.80 | 0.223 | 0.57, 1.13 |  |  |  |
 Poorer | 0.97 | 0.856 | 0.68, 1.36 |  |  |  |
 Middle | 1.41 | 0.058 | 0.98, 2.01 |  |  |  |
 Rich | 1.80 | 0.002 | 1.24, 2.60 |  |  |  |
 Richest | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
Sex of household | ||||||
 Male | 0.62 | 0.50 | 0.38, 0.99 |  |  |  |
 Female | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
Region | ||||||
 Punjab | 54.07 | <  0.001 | 28.8, 101.3 | 24.92 | <  0.001 | 12.6, 49.1 |
 Sindh | 10.84 | <  0.001 | 5.95, 19.74 | 7.03 | <  0.001 | 3.65, 13.5 |
 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | 22.70 | <  0.001 | 12.31, 42.0 | 16.21 | <  0.001 | 8.30, 31.6 |
 Baluchistan | 13.78 | <  0.001 | 7.39, 25.68 | 12.20 | <  0.001 | 6.14, 24.3 |
 Islamabad | 10.86 | <  0.001 | 5.23, 52.55 | 9.60 | <  0.001 | 4.31, 21.4 |
 Gilgit-Baltistan | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Antenatal care | ||||||
 None | 0.83 | 0.040 | 0.62, 1.10 |  |  |  |
 1–3 visits | 1.20 | 0.250 | 0.93, 1.56 |  |  |  |
  ≥ 4 visits | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
Place of delivery | ||||||
 At home | 0.93 | 0.604 | 0.72, 1.20 | 0.997 | 0.89 | 0.69, 1.37 |
 Public health facility | 0.49 | <  0.001 | 0.36, 0.66 | 0.462 | 0.02 | 0.43, 0.95 |
 Private health facility | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
Birth by Cesarean section | ||||||
 No | 0.62 | 0.007 | 0.43, 0.87 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
When child put to breast | ||||||
 Within one hour | 0.02 | <  0.001 | 0.14, 0.44 | 0.03 | <  0.001 | 0.01, 0.61 |
 2–24 h | 0.05 | <  0.001 | 0.32, 0.98 | 0.07 | <  0.001 | 0.43, 0.95 |
 After one day | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Birth order | ||||||
 First born child | 1.40 | 0.013 | 1.07, 1.84 |  |  |  |
 Subsequent child | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |