| Time of day (hours) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 AM – 12 PM | 6 AM – 6 PM | 6 AM – 12 AM | 12 PM – 6 PM | 12 PM – 12 AM | 6 PM – 12 AM | ||
Protein, g/100 mL | \( \overline{x}\pm s \) | 1.37 ± 0.2 1.43 ± 0.2 | 1.37 ± 0.2 1.41 ± 0.2 | 1.37 ± 0.2 1.37 ± 0.2 | 1.43 ± 0.2 1.41 ± 0.2 | 1.43 ± 0.2 1.37 ± 0.2 | 1.41 ± 0.2 1.37 ± 0.2 |
p value | < 0.001** | 0.02* | 0.90 | 0.24 | 0.001* | 0.02* | |
Cohen’s d | 0.30a | 0.20a | 0 | 0.10 | 0.30a | 0.20a | |
Fat, g/100 mL | \( \overline{x}\pm s \) | 4.06 ± 0.9 4.39 ± 1.1 | 4.06 ± 0.9 4.57 ± 1 | 4.06 ± 0.9 4.00 ± 0.7 | 4.39 ± 1.1 4.57 ± 1.0 | 4.39 ± 1.1 4.00 ± 0.7 | 4.57 ± 1.0 4.00 ± 0.7 |
p value | 0.04* | 0.001* | 0.65 | 0.28 | 0.02* | < 0.001** | |
Cohen’s d | 0.33a | 0.50b | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.42a | 0.66b | |
Carbohydrate, g/100 mL | \( \overline{x}\pm s \) | 7.39 ± 0.2 7.33 ± 0.3 | 7.39 ± 0.2 7.33 ± 0.2 | 7.39 ± 0.2 7.37 ± 0.2 | 7.33 ± 0.3 7.33 ± 0.2 | 7.33 ± 0.3 7.37 ± 0.2 | 7.33 ± 0.2 7.37 ± 0.2 |
p value | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.40 | 0.88 | 0.27 | 0.22 | |
Cohen’s d | 0.24a | 0.24a | 0.08 | 0 | 0.16 | 0.20a | |
Energy, kcal/ 100 mL | \( \overline{x}\pm s \) | 74.42 ± 9.1 77.58 ± 10.0 | 74.42 ± 9.1 79.18 ± 9.7 | 74.42 ± 9.1 73.89 ± 6.8 | 77.58 ± 10.0 79.18 ± 9.7 | 77.58 ± 10.0 73.89 ± 6.8 | 79.18 ± 9.7 73.89 ± 6.8 |
p value | 0.03* | < 0.001** | 0.59 | 0.29 | 0.01* | < 0.001** | |
 | Cohen’s d | 0.33a | 0.51b | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.43a | 0.63b |