| n (%) | Early breastfeeding** | Avoiding prelacteal feeding*** | Optimal early feeding |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 5622 (100.0) | 68.7 (66.7,70.7) | 71.7 (69.6,73.8) | 51.0 (48.9,53.1) |
 Community-level variables | ||||
Area of residence | ||||
   Urban | 1488 (26.5) | 71.0 (67.6,74.2) | 69.9 (66.5,73.1) | 50.3 (46.8,53.7) |
   Rural | 4134 (73.5) | 67.9 (65.4,70.3) | 72.4 (69.6,75.0) | 51.3 (48.6,53.9) |
Region of residence | ||||
   Khartoum | 684 (12.2) | 73.7 (68.2,78.5) | 64.1 (58.5,69.4) | 47.9 (41.7,54.1) |
   Northern | 244 (4.3) | 59.9 (54.4,65.2) | 56.2 (49.7,62.5) | 33.4 (28.1,39.3) |
   Eastern | 598 (10.6) | 83.2 (79.1,86.7) | 77.7 (73.9,81.1) | 65.2 (60.6,69.4) |
   Central | 1638 (29.1) | 69.9 (65.8,73.7) | 65.8 (60.7,70.5) | 47.4 (43.0,52.0) |
   Kordofan | 888 (15.8) | 64.5 (58.3,70.3) | 73.4 (68.6,77.7) | 51.0 (45.5,56.5) |
   Darfur | 1570 (27.9) | 63.5 (60.1,66.9) | 80.5 (76.9,83.6) | 53.4 (50.1,56.7) |
 Household-level variables | ||||
Wealth index quintile | ||||
   Poorest | 1251 (22.2) | 62.1 (57.3,66.7) | 76.1 (71.6,80.0) | 51.3 (46.7,55.8) |
   Second | 1232 (21.9) | 69.8 (66.5,73.0) | 77.7 (74.6,80.6) | 55.9 (52.5,59.3) |
   Middle | 1192 (21.2) | 73.1 (69.5,76.5) | 69.6 (65.9,73.2) | 52.6 (48.7,56.5) |
   Fourth | 1096 (19.5) | 68.2 (64.3,71.9) | 65.7 (59.8,71.1) | 45.4 (40.1,50.8) |
   Richest | 851 (15.1) | 71.3 (66.5,75.6) | 67.5 (62.3,72.2) | 48.4 (43.5,53.3) |
 Parental variables | ||||
Maternal age in years | ||||
   15–24 | 1515 (26.9) | 66.3 (63.2,69.2) | 69.4 (65.7,72.9) | 47.1 (43.4,50.9) |
   25–34 | 2802 (49.8) | 70.5 (67.8,73.0) | 72.7 (70.2,75.0) | 52.8 (50.2,55.4) |
   35+ | 1305 (23.2) | 67.8 (64.5,70.9) | 72.4 (68.4,76.1) | 51.7 (48.0,55.3) |
Maternal age at marriage in years | ||||
    < 15 | 918 (16.3) | 64.7 (60.4,68.8) | 68.9 (64.2,73.3) | 46.3 (42.0,50.6) |
   15–24 | 4189 (74.5) | 69.4 (67.0,71.7) | 72.3 (69.9,74.6) | 52 (49.5,54.4) |
   25+ | 514 (9.2) | 70.0 (64.3,75.1) | 72.1 (65.9,77.6) | 51.8 (46.2,57.3) |
Mother’s education | ||||
   None | 2247 (40.0) | 68.0 (65.0,70.8) | 72.3 (69.4,75.1) | 51.2 (48.3,54.1) |
   Primary | 2022 (36.0) | 67.5 (63.7,71.0) | 70.6 (66.7,74.2) | 49.7 (46.1,53.4) |
   Secondary | 942 (16.8) | 73.1 (69.1,76.8) | 74.6 (70.5,78.4) | 54.7 (50.3,59.0) |
   Higher | 410 (7.3) | 68.8 (61.4,75.3) | 67.5 (59.9,74.2) | 47.3 (40.3,54.5) |
Father’s education | ||||
   None | 1880 (33.9) | 68.2 (64.9,71.3) | 71.7 (68.4,74.8) | 51.2 (47.7,54.7) |
   Primary | 1642 (29.6) | 69.8 (66.4,73.0) | 71.3 (67.3,75.0) | 52.4 (48.6,56.2) |
   Secondary | 968 (17.5) | 72.9 (69.1,76.4) | 71.3 (67.6,74.7) | 53.8 (49.4,58.2) |
   Higher | 320 (5.8) | 75.8 (69.8,80.9) | 68.2 (61.0,74.7) | 53.7 (46.9,60.3) |
   Father not in household | 692 (12.5) | 63.0 (57.7,68.0) | 72.7 (67.6,77.3) | 44.7 (39.8,49.7) |
   Missing/dk | 38 (0.7) |  |  |  |
Planned pregnancy | ||||
   No | 1087 (19.3) | 67.3 (62.6,71.7) | 64.6 (60.3,68.6) | 46.2 (42.3,50.1) |
   Yes | 4491 (79.9) | 69.6 (67.4,71.7) | 73.2 (70.7,75.6) | 52.6 (50.1,55.0) |
   Missing | 44 (0.8) |  |  |  |
Number of antenatal care visits | ||||
   0 | 1080 (19.2) | 67.3 (62.3,71.8) | 73.1 (68.1,77.6) | 53.3 (48.7,57.8) |
   1–3 | 1596 (28.4) | 71.0 (67.6,74.1) | 71.4 (68.5,74.2) | 51.4 (47.9,54.9) |
   4+ | 2852 (50.7) | 68.7 (66.2,71.0) | 70.9 (67.8,73.8) | 50.3 (47.5,53.1) |
   Missing | 94 (1.7) |  |  |  |
Place of birth | ||||
   Home | 4006 (71.3) | 71.5 (69.1,73.8) | 73.7 (71.5,75.7) | 54.8 (52.5,57.1) |
   Health facility | 1559 (27.7) | 63.5 (60.2,66.6) | 65.8 (61.6,69.7) | 42.5 (38.9,46.1) |
   Missing | 57 (1.0) |  |  |  |
Birth assisted by skilled attendant | ||||
   No | 1252 (22.3) | 63.6 (59.4,67.5) | 72.3 (68.1,76.1) | 48.3 (44.3,52.3) |
   Yes | 4370 (77.7) | 70.2 (68.0,72.3) | 71.6 (69.1,73.9) | 51.8 (49.3,54.2) |
Birth by caesarean section | ||||
   No | 5110 (90.9) | 71.3 (69.2,73.2) | 73.1 (70.9,75.1) | 53.4 (51.2,55.6) |
   Yes | 511 (9.1) | 43.3 (37.5,49.3) | 58.4 (52.4,64.2) | 26.8 (21.6,32.7) |
 Child variables | ||||
Child sex | ||||
   Male | 2809 (50.0) | 68.4 (65.9,70.9) | 70.3 (67.6,72.8) | 49.8 (46.9,52.6) |
   Female | 2734 (48.6) | 70.1 (67.8,72.4) | 72.8 (70.2,75.2) | 53.0 (50.6,55.4) |
   Missing | 79 (1.4) |  |  |  |
Birth order | ||||
   1st | 1984 (35.3) | 66.2 (63.0,69.2) | 69.8 (66.9,72.6) | 47.4 (44.1,50.7) |
   2nd | 2970 (52.8) | 71.2 (68.6,73.6) | 72.5 (69.9,74.9) | 53.5 (50.8,56.1) |
   3rd or higher | 588 (10.5) | 70.4 (65.0,75.2) | 72.3 (67.1,76.8) | 54.3 (49.0,59.5) |
   Missing | 79 (1.4) |  |  |  |
Perceived size at birth | ||||
   Larger than average | 727 (12.9) | 65.8 (61.4,69.9) | 72.8 (67.6,77.5) | 48.9 (43.7,54.2) |
   Average | 2893 (51.5) | 70.9 (68.4,73.3) | 72.2 (69.7,74.6) | 52.7 (50.0,55.4) |
   Smaller than average | 1903 (33.9) | 68.2 (64.6,71.6) | 69.9 (66.7,72.9) | 50.3 (46.7,53.8) |
   DK or missing | 99 (1.8) |  |  |  |