Table 1 Maternal, delivery, and newborn characteristics according to breastfeeding status at hospital dischargea
| Â | Exclusive breastfeeding at discharge | Nonexclusive breastfeeding at discharge | p - value | Both groups combined | Total Nb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (mother-newborn pairs) | 6583 | 551 | 7134 | ||
Mothers | |||||
 Age at delivery in years mean (SD) | 27.4 (5.63) | 28.4 (5.75) | <  0.001 | 27.5 (5.65) |  |
 Age at delivery in years % |  |  | 0.003 |  |  |
   < 20 | 6.8 | 5.3 |  | 6.7 | 475 |
  20–24 | 26.4 | 21.4 |  | 26.0 | 1855 |
  25–29 | 33.2 | 33.9 |  | 33.3 | 2373 |
  30–34 | 21.8 | 22.9 |  | 21.9 | 1560 |
   ≥ 35 | 11.8 | 16.5 |  | 12.2 | 871 |
 Marital status % |  |  | 0.13 |  |  |
  Single | 13.1 | 11.3 |  | 13.0 | 924 |
  Married | 50.1 | 54.4 |  | 50.4 | 3598 |
  Unknown | 36.8 | 34.3 |  | 36.6 | 2612 |
 Education level % |  |  | <  0.001 |  |  |
  Secondary school or less | 56.7 | 48.5 |  | 56.0 | 3996 |
  Higher education | 34.9 | 45.6 |  | 35.8 | 2551 |
  Unknown | 8.4 | 6.0 |  | 8.2 | 586 |
 BMI in kg/m2, median (25th–75th percentile) | 22.9 (20.5–26.0) | 23.2 (20.8–26.6) | 0.14 | 22.9 (20.6–26.1) |  |
 BMI in kg/m2, % |  |  | 0.23 |  |  |
   < 18.5 | 7.5 | 7.0 |  | 7.5 | 465 |
  18.5- < 25 | 60.3 | 59.5 |  | 60.3 | 3735 |
  25- < 30 | 21.6 | 20.0 |  | 21.5 | 1334 |
   ≥ 30 | 10.5 | 13.4 |  | 10.7 | 663 |
 Parity % |  |  | 0.03 |  |  |
  0 | 39.8 | 43.0 |  | 40.1 | 2860 |
  1 | 38.4 | 32.5 |  | 37.9 | 2707 |
  2 | 16.9 | 18.0 |  | 17.0 | 1210 |
   ≥ 3 | 4.9 | 6.5 |  | 5.0 | 357 |
 In vitro fertilization % | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.42 | 0.7 | 48 |
Delivery | |||||
 Mode of delivery % |  |  | <  0.001 |  |  |
  Vaginal delivery | 58.3 | 46.2 |  | 57.3 | 4089 |
  Caesarean delivery | 41.7 | 53.8 |  | 42.7 | 3041 |
 Maternal intrapartum complications % | 4.8 | 5.4 | 0.58 | 4.9 | 347 |
Newborns | |||||
 Newborn sex % |  |  | 0.88 |  |  |
  Female | 48.3 | 48.7 |  | 48.3 | 3447 |
  Male | 51.7 | 51.3 |  | 51.7 | 3685 |
 Birthweight in g, mean (SD) | 3364 (426.5) | 3274 (516.9) | <  0.001 | 3357 (434.8) |  |
 Birthweight in g % |  |  | <  0.001 |  |  |
   < 2500 | 1.5 | 5.1 |  | 1.8 | 125 |
  2500–2999 | 15.4 | 19.2 |  | 15.7 | 1121 |
  3000–3499 | 44.0 | 41.9 |  | 43.9 | 3127 |
  3500–3999 | 30.5 | 26.1 |  | 30.1 | 2148 |
   ≥ 4000 | 8.6 | 7.6 |  | 8.5 | 606 |
 Admission to NICU % | 1.8 | 43.7 | <  0.001 | 4.4 | 308 |