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Table 1 Main data of participants at Fin-HIT baseline and comparison according to type of feeding

From: Breastfeeding may have a long-term effect on oral microbiota: results from the Fin-HIT cohort

 

All n = 423

No infant formula n = 175

Infant formula n = 248

P - value

Continuous variables

Mean (SD)

 

Adolescent’s age (y)

11.7 (0.3)

11.7 (0.3)

11.7 (0.3)

0.074

Parent’s age (y)

44.0 (5.7)

44.3 (5.4)

43.8 (5.8)

0.389

Adolescent’s body mass index (kg/m2) a

18.0 (2.9)

17.7 (2.8)

18.2 (2.9)

0.077

Alpha diversity b

 Shannon Index

2.9 (0.3)

2.9 (0.3)

2.9 (0.3)

0.877

 Inverse Simpson

10.1 (3.1)

10.1 (3.2)

10.1 (2.3)

0.949

Categorical variables

Frequency (%)

 

Adolescent’s gender

 Male

204 (48.2)

82 (46.9)

122 (49.2)

0.636

 Female

219 (51.8)

93 (53.1)

126 (50.8)

Type of delivery c

 Vaginal

325 (81.1)

144 (88.3)

181 (76.1)

0.002

 C-section

76 (18.9)

19 (11.7)

57 (23.9)

Parent’s language

 Finnish

382 (90.3)

156 (89.1)

226 (91.1)

0.638

 Swedish

36 (8.5)

16 (9.2)

20 (8.1)

 Other

5 (1.2)

3 (1.7)

2 (0.8)

Parent’s education d

 High school/ technical level

165 (40.4)

72 (43.4)

93 (38.4)

0.318

 University degree

243 (59.6)

94 (56.6)

149 (61.6)

  1. an = 413 due to missing data
  2. b Adjusted for adolescent’s gender, age, and body mass index, type of delivery, parent’s education, and sequence reads
  3. cn = 401 due to missing data
  4. dn = 408 due to missing data