Determinants of excessive weight loss in breastfed full-term newborns at a baby-friendly hospital: a retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Comparison of the maternal and neonatal characteristics between newborns with and without excessive weight loss

	Weight loss ≥10% N = 164	Weight loss < 10% N = 235	Test value or U value	Degree of freedom	p
Maternal age, years^a			15,989	NA	0.004
Minimum	21	16
25 percentile	31	28
Median	35	32
75 percentile	37	37
Maximum	45	43
Prepregnancy maternal weight^a			17,068	NA
Minimum	35	40
25 percentile	50	48
Median	55	53
75 percentile	63	60
Maximum	105	111
Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m^2a			16,974	NA	0.043
Minimum	15.1	14.7
25 percentile	19.8	19.2
Median	22.0	21.2
75 percentile	25.2	24.0
Maximum	39.3	42.9
Primiparity^b	85 (52%)	82 (35%)	10.7	1	0.001
Infertility treatment^b	30 (18.3%)	21 (8.9%)	6.8	1	0.009
Maternal weight gain, kg^a			20,860	NA	0.16
Minimum	−4.0	−8.4
25 percentile	6.3	6.6
Median	8.7	9.5
75 percentile	11.4	12.1
Maximum	24.5	25.6
Hypertension^b	14 (8.5%)	14 (6.0%)	0.63	1	0.43
Diabetes^b	42 (26%)	45 (19%)	2.0	1	0.16
Use of MgSO₄ in labor^b	2 (1.2%)	7 (3.0%)	0.68	1	0.41
Use of oxytocin in labor^b	52 (32%)	59 (25%)	1.8	1	0.18
Gestational weeks at delivery^a			18,431	NA	0.46
Minimum	37.1	37.0
25 percentile	38.7	38.4
Median	39.3	39.1
75 percentile	39.9	40.0
Maximum	42.1	41.7
Mode of delivery^b			5.9	2	0.052
Vaginal delivery	106 (64.6%)	178 (75.7%)
Intrapartum CS	20 (12.2%)	21 (8.9%)
Antepartum CS	38 (23.2%)	36 (15.3%)
Postpartum hemorrhaging^b	40 (24%)	33 (14%)	1.6	1	0.013
Hemoglobin after delivery, g/dL^a			22,098	NA	0.013
Minimum	5.9	5.5
25 percentile	9.3	9.6
Median	10.1	10.4
75 percentile	11.0	11.2
Maximum	12.6	13.6
Birth weight of infant < 2500 g^b	10 (6.1%)	23 (9.8%)	1.3	1	0.26
Male^b	80 (49%)	113 (48%)	0.0012	1	0.97
Use of infant formula or water before weight loss ≥10%^b	22 (13%)	33 (14%)	0.001	1	0.98
Neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy^b	22 (13%)	19 (8.1%)	2.4	1	0.12

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