Table 1 Background characteristics of mothers and children, EDHS 2011 (N = 5122)
Background characteristics/Covariates | Categories | N (%) | Early initiation of breastfeeding in the 1st hour | Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early initiation (%) | Delayed (%) | Yes (%) | No (%) | |||
Region | Tigray | 497 (9.7) | 78.9 | 21.1 | 48 | 52 |
Affar | 459 (9) | 54.7 | 45.3 | 30.5 | 71.5 | |
Amhara | 578 (11.3) | 75.1 | 24.9 | 58.8 | 41.2 | |
Oromiya | 771 (15.1) | 88.6 | 11.4 | 51.2 | 48.8 | |
Somali | 620 (12.1) | 83.7 | 16.3 | 27.7 | 72.3 | |
Benishangul-Gumuz | 449 (8.8) | 81.3 | 18.7 | 53.7 | 46.3 | |
SNNPR | 684 (13.4) | 87.9 | 12.1 | 53.2 | 46.8 | |
Gambela | 339 (6.6) | 83.2 | 16.8 | 57.2 | 42.8 | |
Harari | 285 (5.6) | 93.7 | 6.3 | 39.3 | 60.7 | |
Addis Ababa | 200 (3.9) | 84 | 16 | 49 | 51 | |
Dire Dawa | 240 (4.7) | 95.4 | 4.6 | 49.6 | 50.4 | |
Place of Residence | Rural | 4278 (83.5) | 80.6 | 19.4 | 47.2 | 52.7 |
Urban | 844 (16.5) | 87.8 | 12.2 | 46.7 | 53.3 | |
Maternal age | ≤ 24 | 754 (14.7%) | 81.8 | 18.2 | 37 | 63 |
25–29 | 1522 (29.7) | 83.2 | 16.8 | 44.3 | 65.7 | |
30–34 | 1306 (25.5) | 82.3 | 17.7 | 45.6 | 54.4 | |
35–39 | 985 (19.2) | 80.7 | 19.3 | 54.2 | 45.8 | |
40 and higher | 555 (10.8) | 78.9 | 21.1 | 59.8 | 40.2 | |
Husband education | No education | 3520 (68.7) | 80.3 | 19.7 | 46.6 | 53.4 |
Primary | 1187 (23.2) | 84.2 | 15.8 | 48.4 | 61.6 | |
Secondary / Higher | 415 (8.1) | 88 | 12 | 48.2 | 51.8 | |
Mother education | No education | 2675 (52.2) | 78.4 | 21.6 | 47 | 53 |
Primary | 1645 (32.1) | 85.9 | 14.1 | 48.3 | 51.7 | |
Secondary | 450 (8.8) | 83.1 | 16.9 | 43.3 | 56.7 | |
Higher | 352 (6.9) | 87.2 | 12.8 | 47.7 | 52.3 | |
Religion | Coptic orthodox | 1561 (30.5) | 79.4 | 20.6 | 53.4 | 46.6 |
Protestant | 951 (18.6) | 85.6 | 14.4 | 54.4 | 45.6 | |
Muslim | 2486 (48.5) | 81.5 | 18.5 | 40.3 | 59.7 | |
Traditional/Others | 124 (2.4) | 88.7 | 11.3 | 49.2 | 50.8 | |
Wealth index | Poorest | 1820 (35.5) | 75.3 | 24.7 | 41.2 | 49.6 |
Poorer | 901 (17.6) | 83.5 | 16.5 | 52.9 | 47.1 | |
Middle | 769 (15) | 85.7 | 14.3 | 51.9 | 49.1 | |
Richer | 679 (13.3) | 84.5 | 15.5 | 51.3 | 48.7 | |
Richest | 953 (18.6) | 87.6 | 12.4 | 49.4 | 50.6 | |
Sex of child | Male | 2616 (51.1) | 80.3 | 19.6 | 47.5 | 52.5 |
Female | 2506 (48.9) | 83.4 | 16.6 | 46.8 | 53.2 | |
Place of delivery | Home | 3345 (65.3) | 79.4 | 20.6 | 47.4 | 52.6 |
Health | 1777 (34.7) | 86.3 | 13.7 | 46.6 | 53.4 | |
Baby postnatal checkup | No | 4686 (91.5) | 82 | 18 | 47.1 | 52.9 |
Yes | 436 (8.5) | 79.8 | 20.2 | 47.7 | 52.3 | |
Antenatal visits | 0 | 1927 (37.6) | 79.7 | 20.3 | 47 | 53 |
1–3 | 1509 (26.5) | 81.5 | 18.5 | 45.7 | 54.3 | |
4+ | 1686 (32.9) | 84.5 | 15.5 | 48.6 | 51.4 | |
Mode of delivery | Normal | 4992 (97.5) | 82.5 | 27.5 | 47.2 | 52.8 |
Caesarian | 130 (2.5) | 56.2 | 43.8 | 43.8 | 56.2 | |
Type of birth | Single birth | 5035 (98.3) | 82 | 18 | 47.1 | 52.9 |
Multiple birth | 87 (1.7) | 73.6 | 26.4 | 48.3 | 51.7 | |
Size of child at birth | Large (>  4 kg) | 1560 (30.5) | 83.6 | 16.4 | 49.4 | 50.6 |
Average (2.5-4 kg) | 2186 (42.7) | 83.7 | 16.3 | 47.6 | 52.4 | |
Small (< 2.5 kg) | 1376 (26.9) | 76.9 | 23.1 | 43.9 | 56.1 | |
Employment status | Not working | 3669 (71.6) | 80.3 | 19.7 | 45.8 | 54.2 |
Working | 1453 (28.4) | 83.7 | 16.3 | 50.6 | 49.3 | |
Parity | 1–2 | 1061 (20.7) | 84.9 | 15.1 | 45.9 | 54.1 |
3–4 | 1687 (32.9) | 82.2 | 17.8 | 47 | 53 | |
5–6 | 1225 (23.9) | 81.2 | 18.8 | 48.9 | 51.1 | |
7+ | 1149 (22.4) | 79 | 21 | 46.6 | 53.4 | |
Total | Â | Â | 81.8 | 18.2 | 47.1 | 52.9 |