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Table 1 Demographic details of participants

From: The effect of breastfeeding on postpartum glucose tolerance and lipid profiles in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

 

GDM (cases)

No GDM (controls)

n

159

84

GDM treatment

Diet

92 (57.9%)

N/A

Medical

67 (42.1%)

Maternal age (years)

33.73 (31.06, 36.68)

32.33 (29.61, 34.71)

Maternal BMI at sample collection (kg/m2)

27.1 (23.8, 31.1)

26.4 (24.1, 29.1)

Maternal BMI

 Normal Weight

61 (38.6%)

27 (32.9%)

 Overweight

53 (33.5%)

36 (43.9%)

 Class I Obesity

21 (13.3%)

13 (15.9%)

 Class II Obesity

16 (10.1%)

3 (3.7%)

 Class III Obesity

7 (4.4%)

3 (3.7%)

Weight gain in pregnancy (kg)

10 (6, 13.5)

14 (10, 15.25)

Current smoker

3 (1.9%)

4 (4.8%)

Nulliparous

104 (65.4%)

45 (53.6%)

Maternal ethnicity Caucasian

84 (52.8%)

67 (79.8%)

Family history of increased cholesterol

62 (39.0%)

33 (39.3%)

Family history of hypertension

81 (50.9%)

31 (37.0%)

Family history of CVD

29 (18.2%)

18 (21.4%)

Family history of diabetes

58 (36.4%)

27 (32.1%)

Exclusive breastfeedinga

106 (66.67%)

65 (77.38%)

  1. Data depicted as number (%) or median (IQR), data missing for 1 participant in the GDM group and for 2 participants in the control group for maternal BMI
  2. Medical management for GDM included either insulin (65) or metformin (2) use
  3. BMI classified as per WHO guidelines
  4. aDefined in Methods