GDM (cases) | No GDM (controls) | ||
---|---|---|---|
n | 159 | 84 | |
GDM treatment | Diet | 92 (57.9%) | N/A |
Medical | 67 (42.1%) | ||
Maternal age (years) | 33.73 (31.06, 36.68) | 32.33 (29.61, 34.71) | |
Maternal BMI at sample collection (kg/m2) | 27.1 (23.8, 31.1) | 26.4 (24.1, 29.1) | |
Maternal BMI | |||
Normal Weight | 61 (38.6%) | 27 (32.9%) | |
Overweight | 53 (33.5%) | 36 (43.9%) | |
Class I Obesity | 21 (13.3%) | 13 (15.9%) | |
Class II Obesity | 16 (10.1%) | 3 (3.7%) | |
Class III Obesity | 7 (4.4%) | 3 (3.7%) | |
Weight gain in pregnancy (kg) | 10 (6, 13.5) | 14 (10, 15.25) | |
Current smoker | 3 (1.9%) | 4 (4.8%) | |
Nulliparous | 104 (65.4%) | 45 (53.6%) | |
Maternal ethnicity Caucasian | 84 (52.8%) | 67 (79.8%) | |
Family history of increased cholesterol | 62 (39.0%) | 33 (39.3%) | |
Family history of hypertension | 81 (50.9%) | 31 (37.0%) | |
Family history of CVD | 29 (18.2%) | 18 (21.4%) | |
Family history of diabetes | 58 (36.4%) | 27 (32.1%) | |
Exclusive breastfeedinga | 106 (66.67%) | 65 (77.38%) |