Table 1 Prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding by study factors in Ethiopia, 2000–2016
Variables | 2000 | 2005 | 2011 | 2016 | 2000–2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Socioeconomic factors | |||||
 Maternal education | |||||
  No schooling | 1678 (49.0) | 2147 (69.0) | 1446 (51.9) | 1820 (75.8) | 7092 (60.5) |
  Primary school | 291 (50.2) | 455 (65.1) | 637 (53.6) | 948 (76.2) | 2331 (62.8) |
  Secondary and higher | 90 (40.9) | 114 (63.6) | 123 (65.8) | 257 (73.0) | 583 (62.2) |
 Maternal employment | |||||
  No employment | 847 (51.9) | 2037 (70.3) | 1179 (56.9) | 1794 (76.3) | 5858 (65.4) |
  Formal employment | 168 (45.2) | 178 (63.9) | 361 (53.1) | 397 (79.2) | 1104 (60.3) |
  Informal employment | 1044 (47.1) | 501 (62.5) | 648 (47.1) | 833 (72.9) | 3025 (54.6) |
 Partner education | |||||
  No schooling | 1207 (46.5) | 1522 (68.7) | 995 (50.2) | 1269 (74.5) | 4993 (58.8) |
  Primary school | 592 (54.2) | 878 (68.5) | 979 (56.1) | 1200 (78.2) | 3649 (64.5) |
  Secondary and higher | 233 (48.9) | 286 (64.8) | 206 (55.1) | 416 (74.6) | 1141 (61.7) |
 Household wealth status | |||||
  Poor | 643 (49.8) | 1191 (70.1) | 963 (50.7) | 1376 (76.3) | 4174 (62.3) |
  Middle | 539 (45.3) | 603 (69.0) | 453 (52.1) | 639 (76.0) | 2235 (59.2) |
  Rich | 876 (50.4) | 022 (65.6) | 789 (56.7) | 1010 (74.6) | 3597 (61.1) |
Demographic factors | |||||
 Maternal age | |||||
  15–24 years | 667 (47.5) | 835 (66.4) | 658 (51.8) | 878 (75.0) | 3038 (59.5) |
  25–34 years | 992 (51.5) | 1292 (68.5) | 1090 (52.80 | 1574 (77.5) | 4949 (63.6) |
  35–49 years | 340 (45.0) | 590 (70.6) | 458 (55.2) | 572 (72.1) | 2019 (60.3) |
 Child sex | |||||
  Male | 1057 (48.7) | 401 (65.1) | 307 (46.1) | 368 (68.4) | 4946 (59.6) |
  Female | 1002 (48.9) | 349 (67.4) | 293 (51.6) | 410 (76.5) | 5059 (62.7) |
 Family size | |||||
   ≤ 3 | 219 (46.5) | 281 (66.9) | 239 (49.4) | 337 (71.7) | 1076 (58.3) |
  4–5 | 706 (49.0) | 885 (67.5) | 788 (55.0) | 1057 (76.5) | 3435 (61.7) |
  6+ | 1134 (49.1) | 1551 (69) | 1178 (52.5) | 1631 (76.0) | 5494 (61.4) |
 Desire for pregnancy | |||||
  Desired the pregnancy | 1736 (50.4) | 2232 (68.2) | 1998 (53.7) | 2794 (76.1) | 8760 (62.1) |
  Not desired the pregnancy | 320 (41.3) | 485 (68.6) | 208 (47.2) | 231 (71.4) | 1244 (55.3) |
Health service factors | |||||
 Antenatal Visit | |||||
  None | 1544 (49.7) | 2011 (71.0) | 1207 (51.2) | 1071 (78.1) | 5833 (60.3) |
  1–3 visits | 328 (47.6) | 423 (63.9) | 569 (53.0) | 946 (74.2) | 1266 (61.3) |
  4+ visits | 174 (44.2) | 271 (57.3) | 427 (58.9) | 1004 (74.6) | 1876 (63.9) |
 Mode of delivery | |||||
  Vaginal birthing | 2049 (48.9) | 2699 (68.4) | 2178 (53.3) | 2984 (76.7) | 9910 (61.5) |
  Cesarean section | 8 (33.3) | 18 (48.6) | 28 (35.6) | 40 (38.9) | 94 (38.8) |
 Place of birth | |||||
  Health facility | 79 (38.0) | 141 (59.5) | 260 (55.4) | 1117 (76.1) | 1596 (67.1) |
  Home | 1980 (49.3) | 2574 (68.8) | 1946 (52.7) | 1907 (75.4) | 8407 (60.1) |
 Delivery assistance | |||||
  Health professional | 175 (45.7) | 276 (64.7) | 266 (54.8) | 1130 (75.6) | 1846 (66.2) |
  Traditional birth attendants | 390 (46.8) | 333 (64.5) | 127 (50.9) | 1029 (76.3) | 1879 (63.7) |
  Other untrained individuals | 1369 (49.5) | 1930 (68.6) | 1734 (52.9) | 401 (72.3) | 5434 (57.7) |
Community level factors | |||||
 Place of residence | |||||
  Urban | 180 (44.9) | 184 (63.8) | 325 (59.3) | 368 (76.8) | 1056 (61.6) |
  Rural | 1879 (49.2) | 2533 (68.6) | 1881 (52.0) | 2657 (75.5) | 8949 (61.1) |
 Region of residence | |||||
  Large central regions | 1953 (48.8) | 2463 (67.1) | 2033 (52.9) | 2742 (75.8) | 9191 (60.7) |
  Small peripheral regions | 60 (45.8) | 199 (86.3) | 100 (46.7) | 187 (74.2) | 546 (66.0) |
  Metropolis | 46 (51.6) | 555 (78.3) | 73 (66.9) | 96 (74.7) | 269 (66.6) |