From: Determinants of the early initiation of breastfeeding in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Demographic characteristics | Region | KSA n = 1700 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central (Riyadh) n = 500 | Southern (Jazan) n = 300 | Eastern (Dammam) n = 300 | Northern (Hail) n = 300 | Western (Jeddah) n = 300 | ||||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Maternal age | ||||||||||||
 15 – <  20 years | 7 | 1.4 | 9 | 3.0 | 4 | 1.3 | 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.3 | 23 | 1.4% |
 20 – <  25 years | 86 | 17.2 | 44 | 14.7 | 51 | 17.0 | 28 | 9.3 | 38 | 12.7 | 247 | 14.5% |
 25 – <  30 years | 189 | 37.8 | 88 | 29.3 | 95 | 31.7 | 107 | 35.7 | 91 | 30.3 | 570 | 33.5% |
 30 – <  35 years | 103 | 20.6 | 71 | 23.7 | 73 | 24.3 | 85 | 28.3 | 80 | 26.7 | 412 | 24.2% |
  ≥ 35 years | 115 | 77.0 | 88 | 29.3 | 77 | 25.7 | 78 | 26.0 | 90 | 30.0 | 448 | 26.4% |
Mother work | ||||||||||||
 Housewife | 368 | 73.6 | 170 | 56.7 | 210 | 70.0 | 200 | 66.7 | 182 | 60.7 | 1130 | 66.5% |
 Working Mothers | 108 | 21.6% | 106 | 35.3% | 83 | 27.7% | 88 | 29.3% | 105 | 35% | 490 | 28.8% |
 Student | 24 | 4.8 | 24 | 8.0 | 7 | 2.3 | 12 | 4.0 | 13 | 4.3 | 80 | 4.7% |
Mother education | ||||||||||||
 Illiterate | 22 | 4.4 | 12 | 4.0 | 15 | 5.0 | 7 | 2.3 | 10 | 3.3 | 66 | 3.9% |
 Primary level | 69 | 13.8 | 27 | 9.0 | 12 | 4.0 | 15 | 5.0 | 19 | 6.3 | 142 | 8.4% |
 Intermediate level | 77 | 15.4 | 34 | 11.3 | 29 | 9.7 | 17 | 5.7 | 31 | 10.3 | 188 | 11.1% |
 Secondary level | 119 | 23.8 | 69 | 23.0 | 106 | 35.3 | 91 | 30.3 | 76 | 25.3 | 461 | 27.1% |
 University level | 211 | 42.2 | 158 | 52.7 | 138 | 46.0 | 170 | 56.7 | 164 | 54.7 | 841 | 49.5% |
 Postgrad level | 2 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.1% |
Mother marital status | ||||||||||||
 Married | 450 | 90.0 | 293 | 97.7 | 294 | 98.0 | 295 | 98.3 | 287 | 95.7 | 1619 | 61.6 |
 Divorced | 48 | 9.6 | 6 | 2.0 | 6 | 2.0 | 5 | 1.7 | 13 | 4.3 | 78 | 32.1 |
 Widowed | 2 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.2 |
Father age | ||||||||||||
 20 - < 30 years | 108 | 21.6 | 60 | 20.0 | 67 | 22.3 | 46 | 15.3 | 49 | 16.3 | 330 | 19.4 |
 30 - < 40 years | 273 | 54.6 | 159 | 53.0 | 159 | 53.0 | 185 | 61.7 | 172 | 57.3 | 948 | 55.8 |
 40 - < 50 years | 94 | 18.8 | 62 | 20.7 | 62 | 20.7 | 57 | 19.0 | 63 | 21.0 | 338 | 19.9 |
 50 - < 60 years | 23 | 4.6 | 15 | 5.0 | 7 | 2.3 | 10 | 3.3 | 16 | 5.3 | 71 | 4.2 |
  > 60 years | 2 | 0.4 | 4 | 1.3 | 5 | 1.7 | 2 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 13 | 0.8 |
Father work | ||||||||||||
 Government employee | 244 | 58.8 | 141 | 47 | 117 | 39.1 | 173 | 67.7 | 104 | 34.7 | 779 | 45.8 |
 Private sector employee | 97 | 19.4 | 131 | 43.7 | 128 | 42.7 | 112 | 37.3 | 145 | 48.3 | 613 | 36.1 |
 Private business | 159 | 31.8 | 28 | 9.3 | 55 | 18.3 | 15 | 5.0 | 51 | 17.0 | 308 | 18.1 |
Father education | ||||||||||||
 Illiterate | 6 | 1.2 | 3 | 1.0 | 8 | 2.7 | 3 | 1.0 | 2 | 0.7 | 22 | 1.3 |
 Primary level | 52 | 10.4 | 24 | 8.0 | 10 | 3.3 | 9 | 3.0 | 12 | 4.0 | 107 | 6.3 |
 Intermediate level | 76 | 15.2 | 39 | 13.0 | 27 | 9.0 | 28 | 9.3 | 38 | 12.7 | 208 | 12.2 |
 Secondary level | 173 | 34.6 | 115 | 38.3 | 131 | 43.7 | 109 | 36.3 | 109 | 36.3 | 637 | 37.5 |
 University level | 188 | 37.6 | 115 | 38.3 | 121 | 40.3 | 148 | 49.3 | 132 | 44.0 | 704 | 41.4 |
 Postgrad level | 5 | 1.0 | 4 | 0.67 | 3 | 1.0 | 3 | 1.0 | 7 | 2.3 | 22 | 1.28 |
Father marital status | ||||||||||||
 Married | 496 | 99.2 | 295 | 98.3 | 298 | 99.3 | 300 | 100.0 | 295 | 98.3 | 1384 | 81.4 |
 Divorced | 4 | 0.8 | 5 | 1.7 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5 | 1.7 | 316 | 18.6 |
Child sex | ||||||||||||
 Male | 229 | 45.8 | 166 | 55.3 | 169 | 56.3 | 160 | 53.3 | 157 | 52.3 | 881 | 51.8 |
 Female | 271 | 54.2 | 134 | 44.7 | 131 | 43.7 | 140 | 46.7 | 143 | 47.7 | 819 | 48.2 |
Child age | ||||||||||||
 1–2 months | 18 | 3.6 | 30 | 10 | 18 | 6 | 14 | 4.7 | 18 | 6 | 98 | 5.8 |
 3–4 months | 38 | 7.6 | 29 | 9.7 | 38 | 12.7 | 151 | 50.3 | 46 | 15,3 | 302 | 17.8 |
 5–6 months | 47 | 9.4 | 17 | 5.7 | 8 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 38 | 12.7 | 110 | 6.5 |
 7–12 months | 158 | 31.6 | 87 | 29 | 91 | 30.3 | 2 | 0.7 | 95 | 31.7 | 433 | 25.5 |
 13–18 months | 128 | 25.6 | 88 | 29.3 | 67 | 22.3 | 79 | 26.3 | 62 | 20.7 | 424 | 24.9 |
 19–24 months | 111 | 22.2 | 49 | 16.3 | 78 | 26 | 54 | 18 | 41 | 13.7 | 333 | 19.6 |
Method of delivery | ||||||||||||
 Vaginal | 366 | 73.2 | 235 | 78.3 | 241 | 80.3 | 210 | 70.0 | 202 | 67.3 | 1254 | 73.8 |
 Caesarean | 134 | 26.8 | 65 | 21.7 | 59 | 19.7 | 90 | 30.0 | 98 | 32.7 | 446 | 26.2 |
Child weight at delivery time | ||||||||||||
  < 2.5 Kg. | 106 | 21.2 | 31 | 10.3 | 35 | 11.7 | 30 | 10.0 | 30 | 10.0 | 232 | 13.6 |
 2.5 Kg. | 122 | 24.4 | 118 | 39.3 | 107 | 35.7 | 112 | 37.3 | 122 | 40.7 | 581 | 34.2 |
  > 2.5 Kg. | 272 | 54.4 | 151 | 50.3 | 158 | 52.7 | 158 | 52.7 | 148 | 49.3 | 887 | 52.2 |
Age of the previous child | ||||||||||||
 1–2 years | 27 | 5.4 | 38 | 12.7 | 19 | 6.3 | 43 | 14.3 | 28 | 9.3 | 155 | 9.1 |
 3–5 years | 195 | 39.0 | 130 | 43.3 | 122 | 40.7 | 164 | 54.7 | 148 | 49.3 | 759 | 44.6 |
  > 5 years | 118 | 23.6 | 49 | 16.3 | 56 | 18.7 | 56 | 18.7 | 41 | 13.7 | 320 | 18.8 |
 No previous child | 160 | 32.0 | 83 | 27.7 | 103 | 34.3 | 37 | 12.3 | 83 | 27.7 | 466 | 27.4 |