Table 2 Association between demographic, clinical, behavioural characteristics, and infant feeding practices
Variables | Total n (%) | Exclusive Breastfeeding n (%) | Exclusive Formula Feeding n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 1662 (100%) | 1334 (80.3) | 321 (19.3) | |
Age | ||||
20 and below | 118 (7.1) | 98 (83.1) | 20 (16.9) | 0.096 |
21–25 | 356 (21.5) | 300 (84.3) | 56 (15.7) | |
26–30 | 448 (27.1) | 363 (81.0) | 85 (19.0) | |
31–35 | 422 (25.5) | 321 (76.1) | 101 (23.9) | |
36–40 | 250 (15.1) | 198 (79.2) | 52 (20.8) | |
Above 40 | 61 (3.7) | 50 (82.0) | 11 (18.0) | |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 306 (19.1) | 255 (83.3) | 51 (16.7) | 0.428 |
Single | 1091 (68.1) | 864 (79.2) | 227 (20.8) | |
Co-habiting | 182 (11.4) | 147 (80.8) | 35 (19.2) | |
Divorced | 24 (1.5) | 20 (83.3) | 4 (16.7) | |
Type of residence | ||||
Rural | 536 (33.1) | 429 (80.0) | 107 (20.0) | 0.129 |
Semi-urban | 763 (47.1) | 627 (82.2) | 136 (17.8) | |
Urban | 320 (19.8) | 246 (76.9) | 74 (23.1) | |
Educational level | ||||
Illiterate | 5 (0.3) | 5 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.036 |
Grade 1–6 | 74 (4.5) | 60 (81.1) | 14 (18.9) | |
Grade 7–12 | 1441 (88.5) | 1168 (81.1) | 273 (18.9) | |
Tertiary | 108 (6.6) | 76 (70.4) | 32 (29.6) | |
Employment status | ||||
Unemployed | 1234 (75.2) | 1004 (81.4) | 230 (18.6) | 0.029 |
Employed | 409 (24.8) | 312 (76.8) | 94 (23.2) | |
Smoking status | ||||
Smoking during pregnancy | 91 (5.5) | 75 (82.4) | 16 (17.6) | 0.468 |
Quit smoking during pregnancy | 80 (4.9) | 68 (85.0) | 12 (15.0) | |
Never smoked | 1478 (89.6) | 1181 (79.9) | 297 (20.1) | |
Alcohol use | ||||
Drank during pregnancy | 220 (13.3) | 188 (85.5) | 32 (14.5) | < 0.001 |
Stopped during pregnancy | 427 (25.8) | 365 (85.0) | 64 (15.0) | |
Never drank | 1005 (60.8) | 777 (77.3) | 228 (22.7) | |
Disclosure to family | ||||
No | 333 (20.3) | 275 (82.6) | 58 (17.4) | 0.138 |
Yes | 1308 (79.7) | 1043 (79.7) | 265 (20.3) | |
Disclosure to partner | ||||
No | 427 (26.1) | 352 (82.4) | 75 (17.6) | 0.115 |
Yes | 1211 (73.9) | 964 (79.6) | 247 (20.4) | |
Self-reporting of adherence | ||||
No | 367 (23.0) | 289 (78.7) | 78 (21.3) | 0.230 |
Yes | 1232 (77.0) | 993 (80.7) | 238 (19.3) | |
Pick up HAART | ||||
No | 288 (18.5) | 230 (79.9) | 58 (20.1.) | 0.387 |
Yes | 1270 (81.5) | 1026 (80.8) | 244 (19.2) | |
Defaulted ARV | ||||
No | 1369 (87.8) | 1103 (80.6) | 266 (19.4) | 0.173 |
Yes | 190 (12.2) | 147 (77.4) | 43 (22.6) | |
HIV status at booking | ||||
Positive | 1310 (80.6) | 1028 (78.5) | 282 (21.5) | 0.002 |
Negative | 87 (5.4) | 78 (89.7) | 9 (10.3) | |
Unknown | 228 (14.0) | 196 (86.0) | 32 (14.0) | |
PP CD4 | ||||
Normal | 552 (33.4) | 447 (81.0) | 105 (19.0) | 0.242 |
Mild immunosuppression | 355 (21.5) | 277 (78.0) | 78 (22.0) | |
Advanced immunosuppression | 373 (22.5) | 311 (83.4) | 62 (16.6) | |
Severe immunosuppression | 375 (22.7) | 295 (78.7) | 80 (21.3) | |
WHO Clinical stage | ||||
Stage 1 | 1447 (87.4) | 1151 (79.5) | 296 (20.5) | 0.055 |
Stage 2 | 188 (11.4) | 159 (84.6) | 29 (15.4) | |
Stage 3 | 16 (1.0) | 16 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Stage 4 | 4 (0.2) | 4 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |