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Table 3 Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay in the urban population

From: Factors associated with a low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay in urban and semi-rural areas of southern Vietnam

Characteristics

 

Yes (n = 364)

 

No (n = 3884)

 

Unadjusted

  

Adjusted

 

n

Frequency (%)

n

Frequency (%)

OR

(95% CI)

p

OR

(95% CI)

p

Household wealth (Ref: 1st quintile)

364

 

3883

   

<  0.001

  

<  0.001

 2nd quintile

 

41 (11)

 

269 (7)

0.50

(0.24, 1.10)

 

0.71

(0.32, 1.65)

 

 3rd quintile

 

194 (53)

 

1463 (38)

0.43

(0.22, 0.91)

 

0.68

(0.33, 1.50)

 

 4th quintile

 

58 (16)

 

863 (22)

0.22

(0.11, 0.47)

 

0.38

(0.18, 0.88)

 

 5th quintile

 

60 (16)

 

1252 (32)

0.16

(0.08, 0.34)

 

0.29

(0.14, 0.68)

 

Mother

 Primiparous

364

176 (48)

3883

2195 (57)

0.72

(0.58, 0.89)

0.003

0.86

(0.66, 1.12)

0.258

 Age a (years)

364

28 (24, 32)

3881

28 (24, 32)

1.00

(0.98, 1.02)

0.875

1.04

(1.01, 1.06)

0.003

 Ethnic (Ref: Kinh)

364

 

3883

   

0.036

  

0.109

 Chinese

 

11 (3)

 

235 (6)

0.48

(0.25, 0.85)

 

0.53

(0.26, 0.98)

 

 Other

 

5 (1)

 

48 (1)

1.08

(0.37, 2.48)

 

0.74

(0.24, 1.88)

 

 High education

364

114 (31)

3883

1578 (41)

0.67

(0.53, 0.84)

<  0.001

1.09

(0.81, 1.46)

0.574

 Currently married

364

344 (95)

3883

3827 (99)

0.25

(0.15, 0.43)

<  0.001

0.23

(0.11, 0.50)

<  0.001

 In-paid employment mother

364

208 (57)

3883

2529 (65)

0.71

(0.57, 0.89)

0.003

0.81

(0.64, 1.04)

0.096

 Living with others

364

344 (95)

3883

3751 (97)

0.61

(0.38, 1.01)

0.054

1.35

(0.70, 2.84)

0.386

 Complication during pregnancy

364

49 (13)

3884

901 (23)

0.52

(0.37, 0.70)

<  0.001

0.53

(0.38, 0.74)

<  0.001

 HIV and/or Hepatitis B infection

364

16 (4)

3884

274 (7)

0.61

(0.35, 0.98)

0.042

0.53

(0.30, 0.87)

0.011

Father

 Ethnic (Ref: Kinh)

363

 

3879

   

0.006

  

0.095

 Chinese

 

27 (7)

 

374 (10)

0.77

(0.50, 1.14)

 

0.94

(0.60, 1.44)

 

 Other

 

12 (3)

 

45 (1)

2.85

(1.43, 5.26)

 

2.36

(1.08, 4.84)

 

 High education

363

145 (40)

3879

1786 (46)

0.78

(0.63, 0.97)

0.025

1.25

(0.94, 1.64)

0.120

 In-paid employment father

363

359 (99)

3879

3851 (99)

0.65

(0.25, 2.21)

0.451

0.86

(0.29, 3.17)

0.796

Infant

 Premature at birth

364

7 (2)

3884

142 (4)

0.52

(0.22, 1.03)

0.063

0.37

(0.15, 0.81)

0.011

 Male

364

187 (51)

3884

2061 (53)

0.93

(0.75, 1.16)

0.537

0.93

(0.74, 1.16)

0.510

 Caesarean section

364

19 (5)

3884

1696 (44)

0.07

(0.04, 0.11)

<  0.001

0.07

(0.04, 0.11)

<  0.001

 Low birthweight

364

23 (6)

3884

176 (5)

1.42

(0.89, 2.18)

0.140

2.02

(1.18, 3.33)

0.011

 Neonatal complication at birth

364

5 (1)

3884

213 (5)

0.24

(0.09, 0.53)

<  0.001

0.20

(0.07, 0.47)

<  0.001

  1. adescribed in median (interquartile)
  2. OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. OR, 95% CI and p values were estimated using univariable (unadjusted) and multivariable (adjusted) logistic regression models
  3. High education: completed lower secondary school (> 9 years of education), Premature at birth: gestational age at birth < 37 weeks, Low birthweight: birthweight < 2500 g