Table 1 Characteristics of participants in Kassala, Eastern Sudan
Variables | Total | Initiation of breastfeeding Early (n = 218) Delayed (n = 32) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | P-value | |||||
Maternal age, years | 27.1 (5.7) | 26.9(5.65) | 28.3 (5.8) | 1.04(0.97, 1.11) | 0.186 | ||||
Child age, months | 11.9 (6.9) | 12.2 (6.8) | 9.2 (6.86) | 0.93(0.88, 0.99) | 0.019 | ||||
Birth order | 2.4(1.5) | 2.4(1.5) | 2.0(1.46) | 0.81(0.60, 1.09) | 0.179 | ||||
Number of children < 5 years | 1.7(0.7) | 1.7(0.73) | 1.4(0.66) | 0.45(0.24, 0.85) | 0.012 | ||||
Number of breastfeeding per day | 7.4(3.4) | 7.5(3.58) | 6.2(1.68) | 0.87(0.76, 0.99) | 0.442 | ||||
| Â | N | % | N | % | N | % | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Child gender | Male | 136 | 54.4 | 111 | 81.6 | 25 | 18.4 | 0.29 (0.12, 0.70) | 0.004 |
Female | 114 | 45.6 | 107 | 93.9 | 7 | 6.1 | |||
Residence | Rural | 103 | 41.2 | 95 | 92.2 | 8 | 7.8 | 2.29 (0.98, 5.33) | 0.054 |
Urban | 147 | 58.8 | 123 | 83.7 | 24 | 16.3 | |||
Living with extended family | Yes | 126 | 50.4 | 109 | 86.5 | 17 | 13.5 | 0.88 (0.42, 1.85) | 0.741 |
No | 124 | 49.6 | 109 | 87.9 | 15 | 12.1 | |||
Mode of delivery | Vaginal | 207 | 82.8 | 185 | 89.4 | 22 | 10.6 | 2.54 (1.10,5.86) | 0.024 |
Caesarean | 43 | 17.2 | 33 | 76.7 | 10 | 23.3 | |||
Place of delivery | Institutional | 136 | 54.4 | 114 | 83.8 | 22 | 16.2 | 0.49 (0.22, 1.10) | 0.081 |
Home | 114 | 45.6 | 104 | 91.2 | 10 | 8.8 | |||
Received education on breastfeeding by healthcare personnel | Yes | 146 | 58.4 | 120 | 82.2 | 26 | 17.8 | 0.29 (0.11, 0.73) | 0.006 |
No | 104 | 41.6 | 98 | 94.2 | 6 | 5.8 | |||
Faced breastfeeding difficulties | Yes | 55 | 22 | 50 | 90.9 | 5 | 9.1 | 1.44 (0.52, 3.96) | 0.472 |
No | 195 | 78 | 168 | 86.2 | 27 | 13.8 | |||
Maternal education | <Secondary level | 171 | 68.4 | 149 | 87.1 | 22 | 12.9 | 0.98 (0.44, 2.18) | 0.964 |
≥Secondary level | 79 | 31.6 | 69 | 87.3 | 10 | 12.7 | |||
Paternal education | <Secondary level | 145 | 58.0 | 133 | 91.7 | 12 | 8.3 | 2.60 (1.21, 5.60) | 0.012 |
≥Secondary level | 105 | 42.0 | 85 | 81.0 | 20 | 19.0 | |||
Maternal medical disorders | Yes | 23 | 9.2 | 16 | 69.6 | 7 | 30.4 | 0.28 (0.10, 0.75) | 0.008 |
No | 227 | 90.8 | 202 | 89.0 | 25 | 11.0 | |||
Maternal occupation | Housewives | 193 | 77.2 | 165 | 85.5 | 28 | 14.5 | 0.44 (0.14, 1.32) | 0.137 |
Employed | 57 | 22.8 | 53 | 93.0 | 4 | 7.0 | |||
Paternal occupation | Employed | 124 | 49.6 | 116 | 93.6 | 8 | 6.5 | 3.41 (1.46, 7.92) | 0.003 |
Non-employed | 126 | 50.4 | 102 | 81.0 | 24 | 19.0 | |||
Child hospitalization | Yes | 88 | 35.2 | 82 | 93.2 | 6 | 6.8 | 2.45 (0.96, 6.22) | 0.052 |
No | 162 | 64.8 | 136 | 84.0 | 26 | 16.0 | |||