Table 1 Definition of infant feeding modes in the Infant Feeding Practice Study (IFPSII) questionnairea (n = 1899 with valid answers)
From: Infant feeding pattern in the first six months of age in USA: a follow-up study
Mode of feeding | Does your baby usually feed from both breasts at each feeding? (Question N56)b | Does your baby usually let go of the breast him or herself? (Question N57) | How many times in the past 7 days was your baby fed expressed or pumped breast milk to drink? (Question N61) | In the past 7 days, how often was your baby fed each food listed below? (Question N40a): Breastmilk | In the past 7 days, how often was your baby fed each food listed below? (Question N40b): Formula | Month 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Total | ||||||
Formula feeding (FF) | Instructed to skip if not breastfeeding | Instructed to skip | = 0 | ≥ 1 | 508 | 508 | |
0 | ≥ 1 | 0 | |||||
Pumping & feeding (P&F) combined with formula feeding (FF) | Valid answer | Missing | ≥ 1 | > 0 | ≥ 1 | 61 | 70 |
Valid answer | Missing | 0 | ≥ 1 | 9 | |||
Pumping and feeding (P&F) | Baby is fed only pumped milk | Skipped after n 56 | ≥ 1 | > 0 | 0 | 18 | 18 |
Pumping & feeding (P&F) combined with direct breastfeeding (DBF) | Valid answer | No | ≥ 1 | > 0 | 0 | 53 | 341 |
Valid answer | Yes | ≥ 1 | 0 | 285 | |||
Valid answer | Missing | ≥ 1 | 0 | 3 | |||
Direct breastfeeding (DBF) | Valid answer | No | 0 | > 0 | 0 | 56 | 457 |
Valid answer | Yes | 0 | 0 | 398 | |||
Valid answer | Missing | 0 | 0 | 3 | |||
Direct breastfeeding (DBF) and formula feeding (FF) | Valid answer | No | 0 | > 0 | ≥ 1 | 42 | 233 |
Valid answer | Yes | 0 | ≥ 1 | 190 | |||
Valid answer | Missing | 0 | ≥ 1 | 1 | |||
Mixed: direct breastfeeding (DBF), Pumping & feeding (P&F), formula feeding (FF) | Valid answer | Yes | ≥ 1 | > 0 | ≥ 1 | 224 | 272 |
Valid answer | Missing | ≥ 1 | ≥ 1 | 3 | |||
Valid answer | No | ≥ 1 | > 0 | ≥ 1 | 45 | ||