Table 2 Risk and protective factors associated with initiation of breastfeeding in Maradi and Zinder (crude odds) (n = 1026)

Socio-economic and demographic status

Educational attainment

0.03

no education

1

–

koranic school

0.50

0.31, 0.81

primary

1.02

0.46, 2.25

secondary or+

1.03

0.45, 2.40

Marital status

0.46

monogamous

1

–

polygynous

1.20

0.75, 1.89

Parity

0.09

primipara

1

–

multipara

1.62

0.92, 2.86

Occupation

0.33

household work

1

–

agriculture/livestock

1.68

0.84, 3.36

sales/services

1.06

0.68, 1.66

Income generating activity

0.88

no

1

–

yes

1.03

0.68, 1.57

Means of transport

0.03

no

1

–

carriage

0.44

0.23, 0.84

vehicle

0.45

0.23, 0.88

Decision for harvest use by:

<.01

mother alone

1

–

husband alone

1.28

0.75, 2.18

both

3.90

1.84, 8.29

Frequency of listening to radio

not at all

1

–

0.65

once in the last 14 days

1.10

0.72, 1.70

Source of drinking water

0.23

piped or public tap

1

–

borehole

1.36

0.79, 2.34

protected well

1.14

0.55, 2.37

traditional well

0.78

0.43, 1.43

Type of toilet facility

<.001

no facility

1

–

traditional latrine

7.88

2.45, 25.36

ventilated/flush

3.44

1.05, 11.30

<.001

other family members

1

–

mother alone

2.16

1.41, 3.31

To whom asked for assistance short of transport means

<.01

no one

1

–

neighbors/friends

4.25

1.94, 9.30

parents

2.07

0.92, 4.63

rental/NGO

1.61

0.79, 3.29

Discussed Key Family Practices with husband or child’s grandmother

<.001

no

1

–

yes

2.39

1.56, 3.66

Healthcare services

Distance to health facility

<.01

within the village

1

–

> 5 km

0.51

0.33, 0.77

Number of antenatal visits

0.07

Never

1

–

1–3 times

2.39

0.88, 6.46

> 4 times

2.81

1.10, 7.14

Type of personnel at ANC

 doctor/nurse

1

–

0.06

 midwife

1.51

0.98, 2.32