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Table 2 Risk factors for pregnant women who intend to exclusive breastfeeding -unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratio

From: Factors associated with intention to exclusive breastfeed in central women’s hospital, Yangon, Myanmar

Characteristics

Exclusive breastfeeding

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Variable

ORa

95% CI

P

OR

95% CI

P

Pregnant women’s characteristics

 Age (years)

  15–24

1

     

  25–34

0.89

[0.50, 1.60]

0.697

   

  35+

0.72

[0.31,1.70]

0.456

   

 Ethnicity

  Bamar

1

     

  Others

1.76

[0.50,6.16]

0.380

   

Husbands’ characteristics

 Age (years)

  15–24

1

     

  25–34

0.91

[0.44,1.87]

0.800

   

  35+

1.22

[0.56,2.64]

0.610

   

 Ethnicity

  Babmar

1

     

  Others

2.20

[0.63,7.63]

0.215

   

Economic factors

 Women’s education

  Primary

1

     

  Secondary

0.63

[0.20,1.93]

0.416

   

  University

0.73

[0.22,2.45]

0.611

   

 Women’s occupation

  Non-working

1

  

1

  

  Working

0.42

[0.26,0.68]

<0.001***

0.30

[0.17,0.53]

<0.001***

 Husband’s education

  Primary

1

     

  Secondary

1.56

[0.65,3.75]

0.324

   

  University

1.54

[0.57,4.12]

0.393

   

 Household wealth index

  Poor

1

  

1

  

  middle

1.66

[1.02,2.71]

0.041*

1.83

[1.01,3.16]

0.045*

  Rich

3.17

[1.56,6.44]

0.001**

2.50

[1.08,5.47]

0.033*

Pregnancy and breastfeeding history

 Yes

1

     

 No

1.16

[0.20,6.56]

0.869

   

Breastfeeding knowledge levelb

 Low

1

  

1

  

 Medium

5.22

[1.84,14.80]

0.002**

5.46

[1.79,16.72]

0.003**

 High

19.23

[7.08,52.25]

<0.001***

10.19

[3.43,30.23]

<0.001***

Breastfeeding knowledge sources

 Mothers and mother-in laws

  No

1

     

  Yes

0.98

[0.59,1.63]

0.944

   

 Elders

  No

1

     

  Yes

1.41

[0.82,2.41]

0.217

   

 Relatives

  No

1

     

  Yes

0.86

[0.46,1.60]

0.632

   

 Colleagues/friends

  No

1

     

  Yes

0.79

[0.47,1.32]

0.371

   

 Health staff

  No

1

  

1

  

  Yes

2.70

[1.61,4.54]

<0.001***

2.29

[1.29,4.03]

0.004**

 Printed media

  No

1

     

  Yes

1.78

[0.94,3.38]

0.078

   

 Internet

  No

1

  

1

  

  Yes

4.79

[2.91,7.89]

<0.001***

3.62

[2.04,6.41]

<0.001***

Breastfeeding self-efficacy scalec

 Low

1

     

 High

2.23

[1.19,4.16]

0.012*

   
  1. aOdds Ratio (OR)
  2. bBreastfeeding knowledge, such as knowledge on breastmilk benefits, colostrum and recommended duration, was assessed by 9 questions and for each question, women received 0 for the wrong response and 1 for correct answer. Knowledge levels were categorized into Low (score 1–3), Medium (score 4–6) and High (score 7–9)
  3. cMeasuring breastfeeding self-efficacy with 33 items. Total scores range from 33 to 165, with higher scores indicating higher levels of breastfeeding self-efficacy Scores levels were categorized into Low (score 1–82), and High (score 83–165)
  4. CI, confidence interval
  5. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 by chi-squared test