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Table 1 Summary, Quality Assessment, and Study Design of Teacher Articles Reviewed

From: Stakeholder views of breastfeeding education in schools: a systematic mixed studies review of the literature

  

Study population

Study quality

Questionnaire

First author & year

Country

N

(% female)

Age or class type

Type

(MMAT rating)

Designed by & setting

Topics covered

Al-Binali [17], 2012

Saudi Arabia

384 (100)

61.1% primary teacher, 23.2% intermediate school teacher,

12.8% high school teacher, all teachers parent to a child < 5yo

Quantitative

descriptive

(4.1, 4.2, 4.3. 4.4)

Researcher designed, self-administered in the classroom

Knowledge

Attitude

Intention

Education in schools

Arif [18], 2002

Pakistan

375 (100)

125 low SES

125 mod SES

125 high SES

Quantitative

descriptive

(4.1, 4.2, 4.3. 4.4)

Researcher designed questionnaire, self-administered in the presence of researcher

Knowledge

Attitude

Egbuonu [14], 2004

Nigeria

84 (not given)

Home economics teachers

Quantitative

descriptive

(4.1, 4.4)

Researcher designed questionnaire at National Diversification and Lactation Management workshop for home economics teachers

Knowledge

Kapil [20], 1992

India

62 (100)

Female married teachers

Quantitative

descriptive

(4.1, 4.4)

Researcher designed questionnaire, read out loud and explained collectively

Knowledge

Attitude

Parrilla Rodriguez [15], 2001

Puerto Rico

125 (89.6)

Health teachers

Quantitative

descriptive

(4.1, 4.2, 4.3. 4.4)

Researcher designed questionnaire based on literature, self-administered at the beginning of breastfeeding workshop

Knowledge

Attitude

Personal experience

Public breastfeeding

Singh [16], 1990

India

100 (100)

Recently graduated teachers

Quantitative

descriptive

(4.4)

Researcher designed questionnaire, self-administered

Knowledge

Attitude

Spear [21], 2010

United States

107 (79)

53.3% teachers, 1.9% guidance counselor, 44.9% nurses from elementary, middle, and high school

Mixed methods

(1.2)

(4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) (5.1, 5.2)

Researcher designed questionnaire modified from previous study [43], self-administered through place of employment

Attitude

Intention

Breast milk fed

Public breastfeeding

Sources of information

Education in schools

Veghari [19], 2011

Northern Iran

745 (46)

Primary school teachers

Quantitative

descriptive

(4.1, 4.2, 4.4)

Researcher designed questionnaire, unknown administration

Knowledge

  1. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to evaluate the articles in the review. Listed are the criteria met for each study based on its methodological category. See the MMAT appraisal checklist for full explanation of criteria [13]
  2. • Qualitative (1.1 to 1.4)
  3. • Quantitative randomized controlled (2.1 to 2.4)
  4. • Quantitative non-randomized (3.1 to 3.4)
  5. • Quantitative descriptive (4.1 to 4.4)
  6. • Mixed methods studies include both the qualitative criteria and the appropriate quantitative criteria in addition to criteria specific for mixed methods studies (5.1 to 5.3)
  7. Knowledge: Specific topics including mechanics or immune benefits of nursing, with correct or incorrect answers
  8. Attitude: Attitudes about ease, acceptance, beliefs about benefits, feelings about breastfeeding or breastfeeding education
  9. Intention: Goals for future breastfeeding or support for breastfeeding partner
  10. Breast milk fed: Participant nursed as infant
  11. Personal exposure: Whether participant has seen others feed a baby by bottle or breast
  12. In public: Attitude about breastfeeding in public settings