Breastfeeding woman are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency than non-breastfeeding women - insights from the German VitaMinFemin study

Table 3 Multivariable adjusted odds ratios for vitamin D deficiency (<25.0 nmol/L) in breastfeeding women

Determinants	N	Persons at risk (% of category)	P value	Odds ratios	95% CI	P value
Season^a
Summer and Autumn	77	15 (19.5)	0.021*	1.0	Ref.
Winter and Spring	47	18 (38.3)	0.021*	2.6	1.1, 6.3	0.029
Region^b,c
Longitude	/	/	/	0.7	0.6, 0.9	0.004
BMI^c,d	/	/	/	1.1	1.0, 1.2	0.060
Stage of life^e
Breastfeeding women	124	16 (12.9)	0.007*	1.0	Ref.
NPNB women	124	33 (26.6)	0.007*	4.0	1.8, 8.7	0.001

25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Autumn, September - November; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; NPNB, non-pregnant, non-breastfeeding; Ref., reference category with the lowest assumed prevalence of vitamin D deficiency; Spring, March – May; Summer, June – August; Winter, December – February
*Chi-square test for prevalence differences of 25(OH)D concentrations below 25 nmol/L
^aMultiple binary regressions considering the terms region (longitude) and BMI
^bMultiple binary regressions considering the terms season and BMI
^cOdds ratio for an increase per one unit
^dMultiple binary regressions considering the terms season and region (longitude)
^eMultiple binary regressions considering the terms season, region (longitude) and BMI

ISSN: 1746-4358