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Table 1 Characteristics of study sample

From: Breastfeeding woman are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency than non-breastfeeding women - insights from the German VitaMinFemin study

 

Breastfeeding women (n = 124)

NPNB women (n = 124)

P value

Age (years)

Mean ± SD

31.9 ± 5.0

31.8 ± 5.3

0.784

Range

20.0 − 44.0

19.0 − 45.0

Height (m)

Mean ± SD

1.68 ± 0.07

1.67 ± 0.07

0.663

Range

1.52 − 1.86

1.52 − 1.82

Weight (kg)

Mean ± SD

71.2 ± 14.5

68.4 ± 14.9

0.064

Range

48.0 − 142.0

43.0 − 120.0

BMI (kg/m2)

Mean ± SD

25.1 ± 4.8

24.3 ± 5.0

0.053

Range

18.2 − 46.4

17.0 − 40.8

Season of blood sampling

 Spring

N (%)

22 (17.7)

22 (17.7)

1.000*

 Summer

14 (11.3)

14 (11.3)

 Autumn

63 (50.8)

63 (50.8)

 Winter

25 (20.2)

25 (20.2)

Skin type

 Light

N (%)

109 (87.9)

112 (90.3)

0.292*

 Dark

15 (12.1)

10 (8.1)

Recent holidays

N (%)

5 (4.0)

6 (4.8)

0.758*

Smoking

N (%)

11 (8.9)

30 (24.2)

0.001*

Duration of breastfeeding (month)a

Mean ± SD

3.5 ± 3.2

/

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Range

0.5 − 18.0

  1. Autumn, September – November; BMI, body mass index; NPNB, non-pregnant and non-breastfeeding; SD, standard deviation; Spring, March – May; Summer, June – August; Winter, December – February
  2. Mann-Whitney U-test
  3. *Chi-square test
  4. a n = 123