Breast milk DHA levels may increase after informing women: a community-based cohort study from South Dakota USA

Juber, Brian A.; Jackson, Kristina Harris; Johnson, Kristopher B.; Harris, William S.; Baack, Michelle L.

doi:10.1186/s13006-016-0099-0

International Breastfeeding Journal

Table 3 Fatty acid profile of breast milk in baseline (n = 84) and follow-up cohorts (n = 60)

From: Breast milk DHA levels may increase after informing women: a community-based cohort study from South Dakota USA

Fatty Acids	All Participants (n = 84) ¹	Participants who provided a follow-up sample (n = 60)¹		P-value ²
Fatty Acids	All Participants (n = 84) ¹	Baseline	4 weeks	P-value ²
N6:N3	12.10 (10.28, 13.88)	11.65 (9.70, 13.85)	11.10 (9.43, 12.65)	0.10
AA:EPA	9.61 (5.82, 12.66)	9.57 (5.52, 13.95)	6.63 (3.52, 10.74)	0.0008*
SAT	33.35% (29.73, 35.68)	33.50% (30.08, 35.60)	33.50% (31.13, 37.03)	0.06
MUFA	36.65% (34.13, 39.93)	37.25% (35.63,41.78)	36.80% (34.00, 39.90)	0.32
N6	18.80% (16.33, 21.88)	18.65% (16.75, 22.48)	18.60% (15.30, 21.75)	0.11
N3	1.60% (1.30, 1.98)	1.60% (1.33, 2.18)	1.60% (1.40, 2.10)	0.91
TRANS	1.70% (1.30, 2.20)	1.65% (1.20, 2.20)	1.75% (1.40, 2.28)	0.42
C10:0	1.00% (0.80, 1.38)	1.10% (0.90, 1.48)	1.10% (0.90, 1.30)	0.51
C12:0	5.10% (3.43, 6.60)	5.50% (3.43, 6.90)	5.30% (4.00, 6.98)	0.05
C14:0	5.65% (4.20, 6.98)	6.00% (4.25, 7.55)	5.90% (4.40, 7.30)	0.03
C16:0	20.55% (19.20, 22.18)	20.10% (19.03, 22.43)	20.20% (18.88, 22.45)	0.49
C16:1n7t	0.10% (0.10, 0.10)	0.10% (0.10, 0.10)	0.10% (0.10, 0.10)	>0.99
C16:1n7	1.75% (1.30, 2.38)	1.85% (1.40, 2.50)	1.80% (1.43, 2.10)	0.97
C18:0	6.35% (5.43, 7.20)	6.35% (5.50, 7.10)	6.80% (5.90, 7.88)	0.04
C18:1 t	1.20% (0.90, 1.70)	1.20% (0.90, 1.70)	1.30% (1.00, 1.70)	0.41
C18:1n9	34.75% (32.25, 38.08)	34.90% (32.70, 39.78)	34.25% (31.78, 37.13)	0.29
C18:2n6tt	0.40% (0.30, 0.40)	0.30% (0.30, 0.40)	0.30% (0.30, 0.40)	0.70
C18:2n6	17.45% (15.30, 20.83)	16.90% (15.30, 20.98)	17.30% (14.10, 20.03)	0.13
C20:0	0.20% (0.20, 0.20)	0.20% (0.20, 0.20)	0.20% (0.20, 0.20)	0.57
C18:3n6	0.20% (0.10, 0.20)	0.20% (0.10, 0.20)	0.20% (0.10, 0.20)	0.13
C20:1n9	0.30% (0.30, 0.40)	0.30% (0.30, 0.40)	0.30% (0.30, 0.40)	0.81
C18:3n3	1.20% (0.90, 1.50)	1.20% (0.90, 1.68)	1.10% (1.00, 1.40)	0.47
C20:2n6	0.30% (0.30, 0.40)	0.30% (0.30, 0.40)	0.30% (0.20, 0.30)	0.003*
C22:0	0.10% (0.10, 0.10)	0.10% (0.10, 0.10)	0.10% (0.10, 0.10)	0.29
C20:3n6	0.35% (0.30, 0.40)	0.40% (0.30, 0.50)	0.30% (0.30, 0.40)	<0.0001*
C20:4n6	0.45% (0.40, 0.50)	0.50% (0.40, 0.50)	0.40% (0.40, 0.50)	0.01*
C24:0	0.10% (0.00, 0.10)	0.10% (0.00, 0.10)	0.10% (0.00, 0.10)	0.73
C20:5n3	0.00% (0.00, 0.10)	0.00% (0.00, 0.10)	0.10% (0.10, 0.10)	0.004*
C24:1n9	0.00% (0.00, 0.00)	0.00% (0.00, 0.00)	0.00% (0.00, 0.00)	0.48
C22:4n6	0.10% (0.10, 0.10)	0.10% (0.10, 0.10)	0.10% (0.10, 0.10)	0.09
C22:5n6	0.00% (0.00, 0.00)	0.00% (0.00, 0.00)	0.00% (0.00, 0.00)	>0.99
C22:5n3	0.10% (0.10, 0.20)	0.10% (0.10, 0.20)	0.10% (0.10, 0.20)	0.19
C22:6n3	0.18% (0.13, 0.29)	0.19% (0.14, 0.30)	0.22% (0.16, 0.35)	0.007*

Abbreviations: N6:N3 omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio, AA:EPA arachidonic acid: eicosapentaenoic acid ratio, SAT total saturated fatty acids, MUFA total monounsaturated fatty acids, N6 total omega-6 fatty acids, N-3 total omega-3 fatty acids, TRANS total trans fatty acids
¹ Medians (IQR)
² Significance was set at P ≤ 0.01* (due to multiple variables) comparing the baseline and follow-up samples from participants who provided a follow-up sample

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