Serial number | Source | Study setting | Outcomes – reported factors or barriers | Study methods | Quality grading |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dibley et al., 2010 [43] | Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka | Delivery by caesarean section Home delivery No antenatal check-up No decision-making participation Lack of access to media | Quantitative cross sectional survey: secondary analysis of DHS | Moderate |
2 | Haider et al., 2010 [41] | Dhaka, Bangladesh | Lack of knowledge No milk secretion Traditional belief Mother’s ill-health Baby’s ill-health Grandmothers’ decision Midwife discouraged Lack of support | Quantitative cross-sectional survey. Qualitative | Weak quantitative and moderate qualitative |
3 | Parveen et al., 2012 [39] | Haryana, India | Custom Mother’s illness No milk secretion | Quantitative cross-sectional survey | Weak |
4 | Kaushal et al., 2005 [44] | Haryana, India | Custom | Quantitative cross-sectional survey. Qualitative | Weak quantitative and qualitative |
5 | Badruddin et al., 1997 [37] | Karachi, Pakistan | Mother unable to sit Caesarean section delivery Night time High BP of mother | Quantitative: longitudinal design. Qualitative | Weak quantitative and moderate qualitative |
6 | Dihidar et al., 2002 [33] | Calcutta, India | Living in rural area | Quantitative cross sectional survey | Weak |
7 | Senarath et al., 2012 [25] | Sri Lanka | Male child Low birth weight Home delivery Caesarean section delivery Rural Geography: North Central Mother’s age15-19 years Birth order; first birth No previous birth Living in Sabaragamuwa | Quantitative cross-sectional survey: secondary analysis of DHS 2006-07 | Moderate |
8 | Mihrshahi et al., 2010 [29] | Bangladesh | No maternal education No education of husband Birth order > 5 Home delivery No antenatal check-ups Mothers not watching television Poorest household No decision-making participation Geography: lowest in Barisal | Quantitative cross-sectional survey: secondary analysis of DHS 2004 | Moderate |
9 | Pandey et al., 2010 [28] | Nepal | Caesarean section delivery Delivery assistance from health professionals compared to TBAs No participation in decision making Living in mountainous region | Quantitative cross-sectional survey: secondary analysis of DHS 2006 | Moderate |
10 | Seranath et al., 2010 [35] | Sri Lanka | Birth order; first birth Caesarean section delivery No antenatal visits by midwife Geography: Colombo feeder area | Quantitative cross-sectional survey: secondary analysis of DHS 2000 | Moderate |
11 | Hazir et al., 2013 [27] | Pakistan | Working mothers Caesarean section delivery Residing in Sindh Province | Quantitative cross-sectional survey: secondary analysis of DHS 2006/07 | Moderate |
12 | Khadduri et al., 2008 [47] | Haripur district, Pakistan | Custom; tradition of prelacteal feeding | Qualitative | Moderate |
13 | Bandyopdahyay et al., 2009 [48] | Rural Bengal, India | Customs; perception that first milk is harmful to the baby; insufficient milk; that milk will only come after 48 h | Qualitative | Weak quantitative and moderate qualitative |
14 | Patel et al. 2010 [26] | India | No education Mothers aged 15–19 years No education of husband Home delivery Caesarean section delivery No antenatal check-ups Bivariate analysis No post natal check-ups Lowest wealth quintile No participation in decision making No media – radio, newspaper, television Geography: rural area; Central region | Quantitative cross-sectional survey: secondary analysis of National Family Health Survey 2005-06 | Moderate |
15 | Subedi et al. 2012 [31] | Chepang community, Nepal | Illiterate No antenatal check-ups Home delivery | Quantitative cross- sectional survey | Weak |
16 | Subba et al. 2007 [34] | Pokhara, Nepal | Nuclear family Smaller family size | Quantitative cross-sectional survey | Weak |
17 | Abdulraheem and Binns 2007 [42] | Maldives (several islands) | Caesarean section delivery | Quantitative cross-sectional survey | Weak |
18 | Athavale et al. 2004 [36] | Urban Health Centre, Nagpur, India | Caesarean section delivery Customs; prelacteal feeding, discarding colostrum Premature baby Birth order; first birth | Quantitative cross-sectional survey | Weak |
19 | Ekambaram et al. 2010 [38] | Tertiary care hospital, South India | Child was sick (34 %) Delay in shifting from labour room (25 %) Mother’s motivation/too tired: no consciousness (14 %) Baby was sleeping (5 %) | Quantitative cross-sectional survey | Weak |
20 | Moran et al. 2009 [49] | Dhaka, Bangladesh | Perceptions of no milk supply | Quantitative cross-sectional survey. Qualitative | Weak quantitative and moderate qualitative |
21 | Fikree et al. 2005 [46] | Karachi, Pakistan | Customs; traditional feeding practices and perceived health benefits | Quantitative cross-sectional survey. Qualitative | Moderate quantitative and moderate qualitative |
22 | Rahman et al. 2011 [30] | Bangladesh | No antenatal check-ups Poorest wealth quintile Delivery assistance by non-medically trained provider No Education | Quantitative cross-sectional survey: analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2007 | Moderate |
23 | Ali et al. 2011 [32] | Semi-urban Pakistan | Lack of education | Quantitative cross-sectional survey | Weak |
24 | Digra et al. 2012 [45] | Jammu, India | Self-decision (22.2 %) Advice of priest (35 %) Advice of elderly lady in family (20.4 %) | Quantitative cross-sectional survey | Weak |
25 | Premani et al. 2011 [40] | Karachi, Pakistan | Mothers too tired after delivery | Qualitative | Weak |