Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Countries in South Asia encompassing 8 countries namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Studies conducted among South Asian women living in other regions

Studies published in or after 1990. In English language

Full-text not accessible

Published quantitative, qualitative and mixed method studies

Studies not demonstrating a clear research methodology - commentaries, letters and editorials.

Studies reporting factors or barriers on initiation of breastfeeding within 1 h of birth.

Studies on initiation of breastfeeding after 1 h of birth.