Table 2 Birth outcomes of urban and rural newborns

Premature birth (<37 weeks), n (%)

4 (2.0)

4 (4.0)

0

Term birth (37–42 weeks), n (%)

186 (93.5)

90 (89.1)

96 (98.0)

Postmature birth (≥42 weeks), n (%)

9 (4.5)

7 (6.9)

2 (2.0)

Gestational weight gain (GWG) ^b, kg

15.7 ± 5.3

16.7 ± 5.2

14.6 ± 5.2

0.007

If BMI < 18.5; GWG, kg

15.8 ± 5.5

18.4 ± 5.3

13.1 ± 4.3

If BMI 18.5 ~ 24.9; GWG, kg

15.8 ± 4.9

16.1 ± 4.7

15.4 ± 5.0

If BMI ≥ 25; GWG, kg

14.0 ± 9.9

16.3 ± 14.3

12.8 ± 8.4

Type of delivery

 Vaginal delivery, n (%)

66 (33.0)

35 (34.3)

31 (31.6)

0.764

 Caesarean section, n (%)

134 (67.0)

67 (65.7)

67 (68.4)

Sex of newborns

 Girls, n (%)

119 (59.2)

58 (56.9)

61 (61.6)

0.566

 Boys, n (%)

82 (40.8)

44 (43.1)

38 (38.4)

Birth weight, kg

3.27 ± 0.40

3.32 ± 0.40

3.21 ± 0.39

0.053

Girls (n = 119, 58, 61), kg

3.25 ± 0.39

3.27 ± 0.40

3.23 ± 0.37

0.607

Boys (n = 82, 44, 38, kg

3.29 ± 0.41

3.39 ± 0.38

3.18 ± 0.42

0.021

Low birth weight < 2.5 kg, n (%)

6 (3.0)

3 (2.9)

3 (3.0)

–

Normal 2.5 ~ 4 kg, n (%)

188 (93.5)

95 (93.1)

93 (93.9)

High birth weight ≥ 4 kg, n (%)

7 (3.5)

4 (3.9)

3 (3.0)

Birth length ^a, cm

49.5 ± 1.5

49.8 ± 1.7

49.2 ± 1.4

0.005

Girls (n = 114; 56, 58), cm

49.3 ± 1.4

49.4 ± 1.4

49.1 ± 1.5

0.280

Boys (n = 78; 42, 36), cm

49.8 ± 1.7

50.3 ± 1.9

49.2 ± 1.2

0.005

Birth length < 50 cm ^a, n (%)

79 (41.1)

32 (32.7)

47 (50.0)

0.019