Table 1 Rate (%) of providing prelacteal feeds among children by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, Nepal 2011 (n = 3948)
Factor | Total n (%) # | Provided prelacteal feeds | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal Factors | Â | Â | Â |
Mother’s age at pregnancy |  |  | 0.263 |
15–19 | 292 (7.4) | 41 (22.4) |  |
20–29 | 2534 (64.2) | 330 (24.0) |  |
30–34 | 641 (16.2) | 38 (19.7) |  |
≥35 | 481 (12.2) | 42 (30.7) |  |
Maternal Education | Â | Â | <0.001 |
No education | 1701 (43.1) | 380 (31.1) | Â |
Primary | 786 (19.9) | 117 (17.9) | Â |
Secondary | 1195 (30.3) | 239 (22.2) | Â |
Higher | 266 (6.7) | 105 (42.6) | Â |
Mother’s occupation |  |  | <0.001 |
Not working | 938 (23.8) | 301 (37.1) | Â |
Agriculture | 2416 (61.2) | 416 (21.7) | Â |
Working (paid) | 594 (15.0) | 124 (25.1) | Â |
ANC visit (Times) | Â | Â | 0.009 |
No ANC visit | 582 (14.7) | 112 (25.2) | Â |
1–3 | 1271 (32.2) | 306 (31.9) |  |
4 or more | 2095 (53.1) | 423 (23.1) | Â |
Place of delivery | Â | Â | 0.152 |
Home | 2378 (60.2) | 488 (27.8) | Â |
Health facility | 1570 (39.8) | 353 (24.5) | Â |
Sociodemographic factors | Â | Â | Â |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | 0.320 |
Advantaged | 1890 (47.9) | 138 (29.1) | Â |
Disadvantaged (Janjati) | 1366 (34.6) | 274 (24.1) | Â |
Disadvantaged (Dalit) | 692 (17.5) | 129 (25.4) | Â |
Religion | Â | Â | 0.817 |
Hindu | 3369(85.3) | 710 (26.3) | Â |
Others | 579 (14.7) | 131 (27.6) | Â |
Wealth quintile | Â | Â | 0.002 |
Poor (Lower 40%) | 1922 (48.7) | 315 (21.2) | Â |
Middle (Middle 40%) | 1373 (34.8) | 334 (31.3) | Â |
Rich (Upper 20%) | 653 (16.5) | 192 (29.9) | Â |
Child related factors | Â | Â | Â |
Sex of child | Â | Â | 0.019 |
Male | 2116 (53.6) | 416 (24.6) | Â |
Female | 1832 (46.4) | 425 (28.6) | Â |
Birth order | Â | Â | 0.001 |
First | 1209 (30.6) | 329 (31.7) | Â |
Second or third | 1797 (45.5) | 322 (22.3) | Â |
Fourth or more | 942 (23.9) | 190 (27.7) | Â |
Birth interval | Â | Â | 0.035 |
No previous birth | 1214 (30.7) | 333 (32.0) | Â |
<24Â months | 500 (12.7) | 82 (24.0) | Â |
≥24 months | 2234 (56.6) | 426 (23.9) |  |
Size of baby | Â | Â | 0.011 |
Average | 2499 (63.3) | 547 (27.9) | Â |
Small | 960 (17.5) | 160 (28.1) | Â |
Large | 756 (19.2) | 133 (20.2) | Â |
Contextual Factors | Â | Â | Â |
Place of residence | Â | Â | 0.622 |
Urban | 864 (21.9) | 200 (27.8) | Â |
Rural | 3084 (78.1) | 641 (36.4) | Â |
Development region | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Eastern | 925 (23.4) | 182 (21.2) | Â |
Central | 831 (21.0) | 274 (40.7) | Â |
Western | 627 (15.9) | 169 (26.4) | Â |
Mid-Western | 865 (21.9) | 168 (19.8) | Â |
Far-Western | 700 (17.7) | 48 (7.1) | Â |
Ecological region | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Mountain | 713 (18.1) | 108 (15.6) | Â |
Hill | 1602 (40.6) | 256 (17.3) | Â |
Terai/Plain | 1633 (41.4) | 477 (35.0) | Â |