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Table 4 Odds ratio for hypertension, obesity and diabetes in nulliparous and parous women (n = 26,388)

From: Lactation and cardiovascular risk factors in mothers in a population-based study: the HUNT-study

 

Women ≤ 50 years of age (n = 14,677)

Women > 50 years of age (n = 11,711)

   

Crude OR

Adjusted ORa

95 % CI

  

Crude OR

Adjusted ORa

95 % CI

Hypertension b

No.

No. hypertension

   

No.

No. hypertension

   

Nulliparous women

3,011

367

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

2,009

1,514

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

Parous women

11,666

2,006

1.49

0.75

0.65, 0.89

9,702

6,331

0.61

0.88

0.77, 1.00

P-value

   

<0.001

    

0.05

 

Months of lifetime lactation

Never

360

98

2.08

1.88

1.41, 2.51

345

110

0.85

1.26

0.96, 1.65

1–6

2,587

489

1.29

1.24

1.03, 1.49

1,834

719

0.61

0.88

0.75, 1.02

7–12

3,038

528

1.17

1.16

0.98, 1.37

2,363

864

0.69

0.93

0.80, 1.07

13–23

3,513

560

1.05

1.03

0.88, 1.21

2,753

996

0.70

0.89

0.78, 1.01

≥ 24

2,168

331

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

2,407

682

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

P- trendc

   

<0.001

    

0.944

 

P- trendd

   

0.009

    

0.218

 

Obesity e

No.

No. obesity

   

No.

No. obesity

   

Nulliparous women

3,011

357

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

2,009

497

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

Parous women

11,666

1,501

1.10

0.82

0.70, 0.96

9,702

2 490

1.05

1.26

1.11, 1.43

P-value

   

0.013

    

<0.001

 

Months of lifetime lactation

Never

360

100

3.29

3.37

2.51, 4.51

345

97

0.87

1.17

0.89, 1.53

1–6

2,587

398

1.56

1.68

1.36, 2.06

1,834

429

0.68

0.92

0.79, 1.09

7–12

3,038

420

1.37

1.46

1.21, 1.77

2,363

552

0.68

0.88

0.76, 1.01

13–23

3,513

356

0.96

1.02

0.85, 1.23

2,753

668

0.72

0.89

0.78, 1.01

≥ 24

2,168

227

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

2,407

744

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

P- trendc

   

<0.001

    

0.861

 

P- trendd

   

<0.001

    

0.457

 

Diabetes f

No.

No. diabetes

   

No.

No. diabetes

   

Nulliparous women

3 011

20

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

2 009

129

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

Parous women

11 666

77

0.99

0.59

0.32, 1.11

9 702

466

0.74

1.01

0.80, 1.26

P-value

   

0.102

    

0.957

 

Months of lifetime lactation

 

Never

360

10

5.60

5.87

2.25, 15.3

345

21

0.71

1.29

0.78, 2.14

1–6

2 587

18

1.37

1.49

0.63, 3.53

1 834

64

0.57

0.71

0.50, 1.01

7–12

3 038

19

1.23

1.29

0.57, 2.89

2 363

91

0.51

0.74

0.55, 1.00

13–23

3 513

19

1.07

1.06

0.48, 2.33

2 753

131

0.92

0.89

0.69, 1.16

≥ 24

2 168

11

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

2 407

159

1.0 (Ref.)

1.0 (Ref.)

 

P- trendc

   

0.004

    

0.202

 

P- trendd

   

0.292

    

0.014

 
  1. Abbreviations: No, number; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval, Ref., reference category.
  2. a Adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, physical activity, education and marital status. For parous women: maternal age, smoking status, physical activity, education, marital status and parity.
  3. bHypertension defined as ≥ 140/90 mmHg or current antihypertensive treatment.
  4. cP-trend across all five categories of lifetime lactation duration, including the category “never”.
  5. dP-trend across four categories of lifetime lactation duration, excluding the category “never”.
  6. eObesity defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m.
  7. fDiabetes defined as blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L or self reported diabetes in the questionnaire.
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International Breastfeeding Journal

ISSN: 1746-4358