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Table 3 Triglycerides, total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol and blood glucose (log-transformed) in nulliparous and parous women (n = 26,388)

From: Lactation and cardiovascular risk factors in mothers in a population-based study: the HUNT-study

 

Women ≤ 50 years of age (n = 14,677)

Women > 50 years of age (n = 11,711)

 

No.

Crude geometric mean

Adjusted geometric meana

95 % CI

No.

Crude geometric mean

Adjusted geometric meana

95 % CI

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

Nulliparous women

3,011

1.09

1.21

1.17, 1.26

2,009

1.66

1.58

1.54, 1.62

Parous women

11,666

1.14

1.16

1.12, 1.20

9,702

1.63

1.63

1.59, 1.66

P- valueb

  

<0.001

   

0.02

 

Months of lifetime lactation

Never

360

1.34

1.30

1.22, 1.38

345

1.64

1.70

1.61, 1.80

1–6

2,587

1.22

1.22

1.17, 1.27

1,834

1.55

1.61

1.55, 1.67

7–12

3,038

1.15

1.17

1.13, 1.22

2,363

1.59

1.63

1.57, 1.68

13–23

3,513

1.11

1.14

1.10, 1.19

2,753

1.64

1.65

1.59, 1.70

≥ 24

2,168

1.08

1.11

1.07, 1.16

2,407

1.70

1.63

1.57, 1.69

P- trendc

  

<0.001

   

0.890

 

P- trendd

  

<0.001

   

0.462

 

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

Nulliparous women

3,011

4.95

5.35

5.27, 5.42

2 009

6.73

6.56

6.50, 6.63

Parous women

11,666

5.27

5.19

5.13, 5.25

9 702

6.58

6.50

6.45, 6.55

P- valueb

  

<0.001

   

0.06

 

Months of lifetime lactation

Never

360

5.56

5.47

5.35, 5.59

345

6.48

6.47

6.33, 6.61

1–6

2,587

5.38

5.37

5.29, 5.45

1,834

6.52

6.51

6.42, 6.59

7–12

3,038

5.28

5.31

5.23, 5.39

2,363

6.54

6.52

6.43, 6.60

13–23

3,513

5.20

5.23

5.16, 5.31

2,753

6.61

6.58

6.49, 6.66

≥ 24

2,168

5.17

5.20

5.12, 5.28

2,407

6.62

6.51

6.42, 6.60

P- trendc

  

<0.001

   

0.362

 

P- trendd

  

<0.001

   

0.552

 

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

Nulliparous women

3,011

1.47

1.48

1.46, 1.51

2 009

1.47

1.50

1.48, 1.52

Parous women

11,666

1.44

1.42

1.39, 1.44

9 702

1.46

1.45

1.43, 1.46

P- valueb

  

<0.001

   

<0.001

 

Months of lifetime lactation

Never

360

1.39

1.38

1.34. 1.43

345

1.46

1.44

1.39. 1.48

1–6

2,587

1.41

1.41

1.39. 1.44

1,834

1.48

1.45

1.42. 1.48

7–12

3,038

1.44

1.43

1.40. 1.46

2,363

1.47

1.45

1.42. 1.48

13–23

3,513

1.45

1.44

1.41. 1.47

2,753

1.46

1.45

1.42. 1.48

≥ 24

2,168

1.45

1.43

1.40. 1.47

2,407

1.41

1.43

1.40. 1.46

P- trendc

  

0.008

   

0.362

 

P- trendd

  

0.06

   

0.265

 

LDL-cholesterol e (mmol/L)

Nulliparous women

2,999

3.15

3.49

3.42, 3.56

1 943

4.76

4.58

4.52, 4.65

Parous women

11,576

3.48

3.43

3.37, 3.49

9 471

4.64

4.57

4.52, 4.62

P- valueb

  

0.006

   

0.661

 

Months of lifetime lactation

Never

353

3.77

3.70

3.58, 3.83

337

4.55

4.55

4.42, 4.69

1–6

2,564

3.60

3.60

3.52, 3.68

1,798

4.57

4.57

4.49, 4.66

7–12

3,021

3.49

3.53

3.46, 3.61

2,316

4.58

4.58

4.50, 4.67

13–23

3,482

3.41

3.45

3.38, 3.53

2,677

4.64

4.64

4.55, 4.72

≥ 24

2,156

3.40

3.44

3.36, 3.52

2,343

4.58

4.58

4.49, 4.67

P- trendc

  

<0.001

   

0.396

 

P- trendd

  

<0.001

   

0.509

 

Glucose (mmol/L)

        

Nulliparous women

3,011

4.93

5.10

5.04, 5.16

2,009

5.61

5.52

5.46, 5.59

Parous women

11,666

5.02

4.99

4.94, 5.04

9,702

5.53

5.57

5.52, 5.62

P- valueb

  

<0.001

   

0.183

 

Months of lifetime lactation

Never

360

5.15

5.10

5.00, 5.20

345

5.51

5.62

5.48, 5.76

1–6

2,587

5.04

5.02

4.96, 5.09

1,834

5.43

5.53

5.44, 5.62

7–12

3,038

5.01

5.00

4.94,5.06

2,363

5.51

5.58

5.49, 5.66

13–23

3,513

5.02

5.00

4.94, 5.07

2,753

5.54

5.59

5.50, 5.67

≥ 24

2,168

5.01

4.99

4.92, 5.06

2,407

5.60

5.57

5.48, 5.66

P- trendc

  

0.06

   

0.587

 

P- trendd

  

0.232

   

0.268

 
  1. Abbreviations: No. number; CI, confidence interval; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.
  2. a For nulliparous women: Adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, physical activity, education, marital status and time since last meal. For parous women: Adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, physical activity, education, marital status, time since last meal and parity.
  3. bP-value between nulliparous vs parous. Adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, physical activity, education, marital status and time since last meal.
  4. cP-trend across all five categories of lifetime lactation duration, including the category “never”.
  5. dP-trend across four categories of lifetime lactation duration, excluding the category “never”.
  6. eLDL was calculated only if serum triglycerides were lower than 4.5 mmol/L.
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International Breastfeeding Journal

ISSN: 1746-4358