Infant feeding practices at routine PMTCT sites, South Africa: results of a prospective observational study amongst HIV exposed and unexposed infants - birth to 9 months

Table 4 Infant outcome by site and feeding practice

Feeding practices measured at 5 week visit*		HR for infant HIV or death amongst HIV-exposed infants		Longitudinal feeding practice (0-12 weeks)^#		HR for postnatal HIV or infant death amongst HIV-exposed infants
	N	Total no. HIV/dead in each area (%)	HR (95% CI)		N	Total no. HIV/dead in each area (%)	HR (95% CI)
Paarl (IMR 40/100)		20		Paarl
EFF	48	3 (6.2%)	Referent HR = 1	Avoiding BF (NBF)	98	4 (4.1%)	Referent HR = 1
EBF	15	4 (26.7)	4.7 (1.0, 20.9)	EBF and stopping before 12 weeks	7	1 (14.3%)	1.9 (0.2, 1.5)
MBF	15	5 (33.3)	5.7 (1.4, 23.9)	MBF(l)	10	3 (30%)	4.3 (1.2, 16.0)
MFF	56	8 (14.3)	2.4 (0.6, 8.9)
Rietvei (IMR 99/1000)		46		Rietvei
EFF	14	2(14.3%)	6.6 (1.7, 25.4)	Avoiding BF (NBF)	66	14 (21.2%)	5.6 (1.8, 17)
EBF	19	7 36.8%)	2.3 (0.4, 14.0)	EBF and stopping before 12 weeks	11	3 (27.3%)	2.8 (0.6, 13.1)
MBF	64	20 (31.2%)	5.6 (1.6, 18.7)	MBF(l)	38	7 (18.4%)	2.7 (1.0, 7.2)
MFF	63	17 (27%)	4.7 (1.4, 16.1)
Umlazi (IMR 60/1000)		51		Umlazi
EFF	41	8 (19.5%)	1.2 (0.1, 11.9)	Avoiding BF (NBF)	44	7 (15.9%)	4.0 (1.2, 13.7)
EBF	14	1 (7.1%)	3.3 (0.8, 12.5)	EBF and stopping before 12 weeks	8	1 (12.5%)	1.9 (0.7, 5.2)
MBF	84	24 (28.6%)	5.0 (1.5, 16.5)	MBF(l)	29	4 (13.8%)	2.1 (0.6, 6.7)
MFF	55	18 (32.7%)	5.8 (1.7, 19.7)

Footnote: EFF = exclusive formula feeding; EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; MBF = mixed breastfeeding; MFF = mixed formula feeding (no breast) NBF = avoiding all breastfeeding. * Feeding practices defined as per Table 2 and measured over previous 96 hours at 5 week visit. Note feeding data not available on all infants who died or were lost to follow-up, thus numbers in table are slightly less than the total expected (expected N = 883 total sample, 665 HIV-exposed infants and N = 156 HIV infected or died). Note: Background IMR per site as follows; Paarl IMR 40/1000; Rietvlei IMR 99/1000 and Umlazi IMR 60/1000 at the time of the study. The numbers of women practicing longitudinal exclusive breastfeeding between 0-12 weeks was very low; thus no data on this group are presented under the longitudinal feeding data in Table 4.

ISSN: 1746-4358