Table 3 Logistic regression of determinants of exclusive breastfeeding
Variables | Exclusive breastfeeding (n = 294) n (%) | Non-exclusive breastfeeding (n = 388) n (%) | Age-adjusted | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | OR | 95% CI | Adj OR | 95% CI |
Area of residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Urban | 167 (41.0) | 240 (59.0) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Rural | 127 (46.2) | 148 (53.8) | 1.23 | 1.08, 1.68 | 1.16 | 1.03, 1.89 |
Maternal ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Malay | 218 (52.5) | 197 (47.5) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Chinese | 20 (15.6) | 108 (84.4) | 0.17 | 0.10, 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.11, 0.35 |
Indian | 39 (35.8) | 70 (64.2) | 0.50 | 0.33, 0.78 | 0.05 | 0.29, 0.75 |
Other | 17 (56.7) | 13 (43.3) | 1.18 | 0.56, 2.50 | 1.00 | 0.45, 2.26 |
Maternal education level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Diploma/Degree | 37 (33.9) | 72 (66.1) | 1.00 | - | n/s | |
Secondary school | 237 (44.5) | 296 (55.5) | 1.56 | 1.01, 2.40 | Â | Â |
Primary school | 20 (50.0) | 20 (50.0) | 1.95 | 1.17, 4.06 | Â | Â |
Maternal occupation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Working | 73 (25.3) | 216 (74.7) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Not working | 221 (56.2) | 172 (43.8) | 3.80 | 2.73, 5.30 | 3.66 | 2.45, 5.46 |
Monthly household income (RM) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
>3,500 | 5 (9.6) | 47 (90.4) | 1.00 | - | n/s | |
1,500 - 3,500 | 188 (41.7) | 263 (58.3) | 6.68 | 2.61, 17.08 | Â | Â |
<1,500 | 101 (56.4) | 78 (43.6) | 12.10 | 4.61, 31.80 | Â | Â |
Maternal smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 1 (5.3) | 18 (94.7) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
No | 293 (44.2) | 370 (55.8) | 14.24 | 1.89, 107.16 | 5.18 | 1.59, 45.05 |
Parity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Primiparous | 81 (32.8) | 166 (67.2) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Multiparous | 213 (49.0) | 222 (51.0) | 1.97 | 1.42, 2.72 | 1.68 | 1.17, 2.42 |
Infant gestational age (weeks) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<37 | 20 (29.4) | 48 (70.6) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
≥37 | 274 (44.6) | 340 (55.4) | 1.93 | 1.12, 3.34 | 1.74 | 1.05, 3.01 |
Husbands support on breastfeeding | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 3 (10.0) | 27 (90.0) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Yes | 291 (44.6) | 361 (55.4) | 7.22 | 2.17, 23.99 | 4.20 | 1.12, 15.75 |
No children < 12 staying in house | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1 | 73 (34.4) | 139 (65.6) | 1.00 | - | n/s | |
2 - 4 | 193 (46.3) | 224 (53.7) | 1.64 | 1.16, 2.31 | Â | Â |
>4 | 28 (52.8) | 25 (47.2) | 2.13 | 1.16, 3.92 | Â | Â |
Occupancy rate (person per room) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
<1.5 | 46 (32.6) | 95 (67.4) | 1.00 | - | n/s | |
1.5 - 4.0 | 238 (45.1) | 290 (54.9) | 1.69 | 1.15, 2.51 | Â | Â |
>4.0 | 10 (76.9) | 3 (23.1) | 6.86 | 1.80, 26.08 | Â | Â |
Bed-sharing practice | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 45 (24.9) | 136 (75.1) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Yes | 249 (49.7) | 252 (50.3) | 2.99 | 2.04, 4.37 | 1.50 | 1.12, 2.37 |