Table 1 The ultrasonic appearances of the structures of the non-lactating and lactating breast
From: Ultrasound imaging of the lactating breast: methodology and application
Structures of the breast | Non-lactating breast | Lactating breast |
|---|---|---|
Adipose tissue | Hypoechoic, variable Large breasts often contain a large proportion of adipose tissue | Hypoechoic, variable Large breasts often contain a large proportion of adipose tissue |
Milk ducts | Hypoechoic/isoechoic Echogenic walls may be visible Generally non-compressible Do not distend 2 mm or less (>2 mm considered ductal ectasia) | Hypoechoic, can contain echogenic flecks representing milk fat globules Echogenic walls may be visible Easily compressible Distend at milk ejection Resting state – 2 mm (1–10 mm) |
Skin | Hyperechoic (1–3 mm) | Hyperechoic Thicker in the areolar region |
Coopers ligaments | Hyperechoic | Hyperechoic |
Stromal fibrous tissue | Hyperechoic/isoechoic | Predominantly hyperechoic – tends to be more echogenic with more milk in the breast |
Arteries and veins | Hypoechoic | Hypoechoic |