The effect of maternal breast variations on neonatal weight gain in the first seven days of life

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the participants in the two groups and the type of breast variation

Variables	Groups
	Group A With specified variations (n = 50)		Group B Normal breast (n = 50)
	n	%	n	%
Maternal age (years)**
<20	7	14	7	14
20-29	31	62	30	60
30+	12	24	13	26
Maternal education*
did not complete high school	18	36	19	38
completed high school	25	50	23	46
Higher	7	14	8	16
Annual family income**
Low	0	0	1	2
Moderate	39	78	41	82
High	11	22	8	16
Breast variation***
flat nipple	27	54	0	0
large nipple	17	34	0	0
large breast	12	24	0	0
inverted nipple	7	14	0	0
Infant birth weight (g)
< 3000	16	32	14	28
3000-3999	32	64	34	68
≥4000	2	4	2	4
Infant gender*
Male	21	24	20	40
Female	29	58	30	60
Gestational age (weeks)*
37-38	10	20	9	18
39-40	28	56	29	58
41-42	12	24	12	24

*Chi-Square showed no significant difference between the two groups.
**t-test and Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant difference between the two groups.
***About one-quarter of mothers with breast variations (n = 13) had more than one variation.

ISSN: 1746-4358