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Table 1 Overview of the different groups interviewed and their views in brief on the topics discussed

From: 'No sister, the breast alone is not enough for my baby' a qualitative assessment of potentials and barriers in the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding in southern Zambia

 

Urban mothers (4 focus groups)

Rural mothers (5 focus groups)

Grandmothers (4 in-depth interviews)

Fathers (6 in-depth interviews)

Health staff & TBA (4 in-depth interviews of each)

Colostrum and early initiation of breastfeeding

-Start breastfeeding immediately

-Colostrum:

-Gave it

-Protection

-Nutritious

-Dirty

-Start breastfeeding immediately

-Colostrum:

-Some expressed it

-Dirty

-Protection

-Start breastfeeding immediately

-Should give colostrum

-Start breastfeeding immediately

-Start breastfeeding immediately

-Taught to give colostrum

Pre-lacteals

-Negative

-Negative

-A few practiced it

-Gave water

  

-Discouraged it

Exclusive breastfeeding

-Positive

-Knowledgeable

-Practiced by few

-Breast milk insufficiency main barrier

-Positive

-Knowledgeable

-Practiced by few

-Fear of dying main barrier

- Skeptical

- Breast milk insufficiency and fear of the mother dying

-Not well informed

-Skeptical

-Child needed extra food

-Part of the education program

-Few mothers practiced it

Water and complementary foods

-Mealie meal

-Water

-Commercial porridge

-Formula milk

-Mealie meal

-Water

-Negative

-Mealie meal

-Water

-Commercial porridge

-Formula milk

-Emphasized not to give before 6 months

Breastfeeding problems

-Sores

-Not sucking

-Engorgement

-Breast milk insufficiency

-Child not satisfied

-"Bad milk"

-Lead to giving complementary foods

-A barrier to EBF

-Sores

-Not sucking

-Engorgement

-Breast milk insufficiency

-Child not satisfied

-"Bad milk"

-Lead to giving complementary foods

-A barrier to EBF

-Sores

-Engorgement

-Child not satisfied

-Need for complementary foods

-Breast milk insufficiency

-Child not satisfied

-Need for complementary foods

-A barrier to EBF

Cessation of breastfeeding

-At 18–24 months

-Keep the child satisfied

-Bring the child to relatives

-At 18–24 months

-Bring the child to relatives

-Traditional methods

  

-Gradual

-Not separate from mother

-Nutritious food

Reasons to stop breastfeeding earlier than 18–24 months

-Mother very sick (HIV/AIDS) or infectious

-"Bad milk"

-Sore nipples

-New pregnancy

-"Bad milk"

-New pregnancy

-Mother very sick (HIV/AIDS)

-New pregnancy

  

Not breastfeeding at all

-Negative to

-Sick mother

-Lack of milk

-Sores on breasts

-Negative to

-Sick mother

-Lack of milk

-Sores on breasts

-Not acceptable

-Not acceptable

 

Infant feeding advice and support

-Clinic

-Faith in nurses

-People experienced with children

-Older people

 

-Provided material support

-Father

-Mother-in-law