Characteristics | n | Within 30 minutes (%) | More than 30 minutes | p value | Within 120 Minutes (%) | More than 120 minutes | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 318 | 115(36.2) | 203(63.8) | Â | 181(56.9) | 137(43.1) | Â |
Mother's age (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   18–24 | 43 | 12(27.9) | 31(72.1) | 0.590a | 24(55.8) | 19(44.2) | 0.994a |
   25–29 | 123 | 44(35.8) | 79(64.2) |  | 70(56.9) | 53(43.1) |  |
   30–34 | 106 | 40(37.7) | 66(62.3) |  | 60(56.6) | 46(43.4) |  |
   35–41 | 46 | 19(41.3) | 27(58.7) |  | 27(58.7) | 19(41.3) |  |
Baby's gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 155 | 58(37.4) | 97(62.6) | 0.649a | 90(58.1) | 65(41.9) | 0.687a |
   Female | 163 | 57(35.0) | 106(65.0) |  | 91(55.8) | 72(44.2) |  |
Parity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   First | 146 | 51(34.9) | 95(65.1) | 0.439b | 82(56.1) | 64(43.8) | 0.985b |
   Second | 138 | 50(36.2) | 88(53.8) |  | 80(58.0) | 58(42.0) |  |
   Third or more | 34 | 14(41.2) | 20(58.8) |  | 19(55.9) | 15(44.1) |  |
Gestational age (weeks) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   36 or less | 21 | 3(14.3) | 18(85.7) | 0.031a | 4(19.1) | 17(80.9) | <0.001a |
   37 or more | 297 | 112(37.7) | 185(62.3) |  | 177(59.6) | 120(40.4) |  |
Method of delivery | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Non-caesarean section | 263 | 113(43.0) | 150(57.0) | <0.001a | 176(66.9) | 87(33.1) | <0.001a |
   Caesarean section | 55 | 2(3.6) | 53(96.4) |  | 5(9.0) | 50(91.0) |  |
Bleeding at delivery | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Less than 500 ml | 213 | 92(43.2) | 121(56.8) | <0.001c | 138(64.8) | 75(35.2) | <0.001c |
   500 ml or more | 85 | 15(17.6) | 70(82.4) |  | 31 (36.5) | 54(63.5) |  |
   Unknown | 20 | 8(40.0) | 12(60.0) |  | 12(60.0) | 8(40.0) |  |
Early skin-to-skin contact | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Contact | 64 | 32(50.0) | 32(50.0) | 0.005c | 45(70.3) | 19(29.7) | 0.010c |
   No contact | 245 | 76(31.0) | 169(69.0) |  | 128(51.0) | 117(47.8) |  |
   Unknown | 9 | 7(77.8) | 2(22.2) |  | 8(88.9) | 1(11.1) |  |
Supplementation (sugar water or formula) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Supplemented | 116 | 25(21.6) | 91(78.4) | <0.001c | 46(39.7) | 70(60.3) | <0.001c |
   Non supplemented | 133 | 77(57.9) | 56(42.1) |  | 107(80.5) | 26(19.5) |  |
   Unknown | 69 | 13(18.8) | 56(81.2) |  | 28(40.6) | 41(59.4) |  |